Robotics & AI Ethics

Purpose: In 2020, a sudden epidemic swept the world. After the outbreak, whether it is the country, researchers, or citizens, they have made different choices in different environments. Some practices have enabled the epidemic to control effectively, while others have been counterproductive. This article tried to show the virtue approach to handle COVID-19 situation in an ethical way to solve social issues with each human being’s desirable character. After that, to convert human virtue to social value of living and add some new virtues on them. Method: This article analyzes the country, researchers, and residents through four parts: transparency, trust, endurance, and prudence. Furthermore, humans need new virtues in the post-COVID-19 era. With this division, this article tries to explain the connections and differences between each parts as a virtue in detail. Each virtues are explained in view of policy makers, researchers, citizens. After that, comprehensive evaluation on each virtues itself and the relationships among each participants. Results: This article explains the impact and effect of transparency, trust, endurance, and prudence on the country, researchers, and citizens through four parts. It finds that transparency, trust, endurance, and prudence are human virtues. In the period before the epidemic is over, both the country and the people need four virtues. Moreover, these virtues have some implications for application AI technology. Conclusion: When a country possesses the four virtues, it will guarantee the rights to life and health of its people as a prerequisite. And these four virtues could also apply to the field of artificial intelligence under the epidemic First, users of smart robots need to accept various terms before they can use it. Second, humans and robots need to establish mutual trust. Third, Designers should not add violent algorithms to robotics to turn them into killing machines.

Purpose: The Purpose of this research is to propose the ethical issues on AI equipped combat robot. AI equipped combat robot is called as Lethal Autonomous Weapons System, which means guard and attack enemies in autonomic way. Via this mission, human soldiers of both friendly and enemy armies could be harmed by AI combat robots. The most fundamental principles of common sense is that the robots should not hostile to human being, and this research tried to show some examples of ethical issues connected with the use of combat robots. Method: This research tries to find the way of regarding combat robot as a moral agent, which means combat robot does not only acts like a killing machine, but also holds moral responsibility. This code of action could also guide the human designer of AI structure of combat robot. This research extracted the core theme of debates on AI combat robot with analyzing current issues on AI and military technology reported on the media and internet. This research also used some materials published by institute under the Government depart of defense. Results: Combat robots has been evolved toward minimizing the intervention of human soldiers in recognize and evaluation of the battle situation. The introduction of such combat robots leads to changes in the aspect of war due to the introduction of autonomous weapons of destruction. The introduction of combat robots raises the issue of the formation of the judgment mechanism of the combat robot and the issue of responsibility as a subject of action execution in terms of individual judgment subjects. Conclusion: In terms of international relations, there could be problems related to the principle of proportionality, the problem of distinguishing between combatants and noncombatants, and problems of arms control. These problems brings up the request for an ethical approach aimed at expanding the reasoning intelligence beyond just the cognitive judgment function of combat robots and reinforcing metacognition.

After the plague based on the Corona virus began in Wuhan, China in late 2019, it has been on a global pan-demic. Usually, disease occurs spontaneously in order to minimize entropy in natural order. However, Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) is said to have been artificially made in a laboratory in China to prepare for future dis-eases. Responsibility theory is raised by this speculation. In particular, sever influenza fluctuates at similar times in the United States, continuing a mutually responsible battle. In the process of overcoming the disease, criticism of the role and status of World Health Organization(WHO) and monopoly of information in a specific country also appeared. Japan suffers from the problems of hosting the 2020 Summer Olympics. In addition, COVID-19 has various issues. In order to overcome this plague, which has become a problem around the world, high citizenship, medical mission, and politician leadership are needed. In Korea, various cutting-edge big data are being used to identify the definitive. These techniques should not be limited to just finding infected people. Variety of politics, economy, society, culture and education affected by plague. Therefore it is necessary to apply Artificial Intelli-gence(AI) technology.

Charac-ter Education is, more importantly, requested as the times develop. Students' intellectual abilities are also critical, but the character skills they need to have as a person are also necessary. For teachers who will teach students in school, character education is not just a matter of interest. Teachers must have the capacity to improve students' personality abilities. This study analyzes the level of interest in character education for pre-service teachers in Korea and tries to give some implications to AI Ethics.

Northeast Asian Countries of Korea, China, Japan has not experienced massive migrant crisis before and also not been noticed from migrant issue debating. But the informatization and globalization slowly but gradually drives Northeastern Countries into migrant issues. These countries are coping with various types of migrants, e.g. North Korean Defectors and marriage immigrants. And Korea experienced Syria-Yemen migrant crisis at 2018 which is detonated from European refugee crisis, and that induces forecasting of various forms of migrant issues would be unfold at onshore Northeastern Asian Countries. The characteristics of these kinds of migrant crisis are its large size and unpredictable time line. Current AI cognitive computing technology could be applied to analyze the nature of migrant crisis and to support effective policy making that corresponds migrant crisis.

This paper is a commentary about the importance and relevance of DNA in respect of the criminal justice system around the world, including Bangladesh. DNA evidence is considered to be one of the best types of evidence the 21st century has to offer. But how truthful is such a consideration? Is such evidence beyond reasonable doubt? This study closely examines the case of Josiah Sutton who was convicted of rape in 2000 after his DNA was found to be a direct match of the DNA evidence taken from the crime scene but was later released in 2004. The article therefore, questions the reliability of that very evidence found against him along with other factors that may contribute against the claim of DNA evidence being conclusive. It discusses both the pros and cons of DNA evidence and how relevant legislations in many countries are controlling such limitations or irregularities in their application of DNA evidence. All such information is crucial for making a comparative analysis with Bangladesh. This paper mainly intends to provide a perspective of the existing DNA Act 2014 of Bangladesh by com-paring its accomplishments as well as its shortcomings with countries who are utilizing this modern form of evidence to its best possible use, providing recommendations for the current legal application of DNA in Bangladesh.

The purpose of this study is to propose Teaching method and Application case for English education using Flipped learning in the Artificial intelligence era. The study is what flipped learning is and how it was reflected into the class through the design of an education model. The teaching method design is largely classified into three stages: Pre-class pre-study activities, In-class learning activities, Post-class review ac-tivities. And this paper examines class comprehension, problem solving performance through monitoring and real time feedback. The main focus of this study is to help learners with the core content so that the contents of online video lectures are not long(to minimize the burden of learning). Second, students can use smart apps in offline lectures to present problems based on the subjects of the lecture, to identify learners’ learning content in real time, and to supplement the questions with detailed supplementary explanations. Third, simple content is produced and presented using various programs to encourage learners to actively participate in the class. Finally, it activates the exchange of opinion so that instructors can present problems according to learning topics and students express their opinions among learners. This paper shows that the class presenting appropriate topics and discussions with flipped learning can enhance the learners experience through creative image expression and cooperation ability by the use of questionnaires or surveys in the artificial Intelligence era. As the future society demands for problem-solving and creative convergence are growing, the results of this paper show that flipped learning based education model has revealed the importance of talent development for the future.

Based on the 4th industrial revolution(IR4.0), the entire social paradigm is rapidly changing. All human beings have to adapt themselves to the new environment every day and every moment. Their lives have been met the help of the Big-data and Artificial Intelligence. But this situations can give the anxiety and fear to human beings. So it is very necessary to inquire the reality and its impacts in terms of the moral point of view. In the smart community where humans and machines coexist, human beings should be at the center position. This means that human beings start with well understanding of human themselves and nature. In order to build a smart community with morality, this paper proposes that the algorithm of moral competence test(MCT) should be applied to Artificial Moral Agent(AMA).

This study aims to inquiry the way to solve the current moral problems of the school in China. Based on C-score Algorithm of Moral Competence Test(MCT), this wants to show the alternative to China. C-score’s main idea could be summarized “lowly orientation to the lower values, and highly orientation to the higher values”. In the classroom or some places where teachers feel to educate or share some opinion with students, it is impossible for teacher to handle their students’ whole schedules, interests, and moral tasks. This research used conceptual model based on C-score to imply to Chinese educational environment. But the method was not real made experiment but to make and show the conceptual model as one of the frame-work. The result of this research waits for the empirical results through deeper experiment. Finally this re-search could catch the point that morality could be improved through the process of collaboration be-tween individual as moral agent and school as environment.

The rapid development of science and technology in the late industrial society has changed the civilization of mankind rapidly. Especially, due to the development of advanced information and communication technology, the world is free of the barriers between countries so that the word 'global village' disappears. As a result, free movement of people, money, and technology makes economic ripple effect, spreading democracy, I brought it. On the other hand, there are also side effects that can enforce enormous economic damage as well as human life and body, such as the abuse and abuse of nuclear power due to advanced science and technology, serious environmental crimes, unpredictable accidents, It is the dark side of the development of science and technology. The dark side of this technological development is the object that human beings must overcome to exist as human beings and to live a safe life while they exist. To do this, we examine the emerging risks in the transition from industrial society to late industrial society, and the role of the criminal law in coping with these dangerous people and their changes. In other words, as a means of controlling risk, we have examined the legal response, and the change in the concept of legal benefit through transposition of such a criminality and the expansion of abstract dangerous people are suspected to be effective and may adversely affect the fostering of healthy social communities. In addition, it has been confirmed that it is reasonable to abolish this approach because it is possible to promote the quantitative expansion of the criminal law in a clear sense that it copes with a new phenomenon, rather it may even doubt the effectiveness of the criminal law itself. In addition, the problem of management of the risk source is not socially controlled by the state but it is reasonable to go to the social management based on the social consensus of the concerned civil society and the people who have easy access to the risk source. And the administrative law area, it is reasonable to consider the criminal legal action as the ultimate means.