International journal of crisis & safety

Safety education for children is to help them to live a healthy life by learning safety knowledge, attitude and function to protect themselves from danger. In order to achieve effective safety education for children, knowledge and competence of early childhood teachers on safety education should be premised. However, in relation to the contents of safety education, the early childhood teachers perceived media safety and environmental safety to be low. A low awareness of media and environmental safety will result in a lower level of practice in safety education have. That is why new education methods related to media and environmental safety are urgently needed. In media safety, it is necessary to cultivate proper capacity to block harmful media. It is necessary to look at the information provided by the media from a critical and analytical point of view and to cultivate the ability to accept the necessary information discreetly from a young age . In environmental safety, it requires a change of values in order to solve environmental problems. In order to do this, it is important to establish accurate values and to develop critical and analytical perspectives. Debate is the right education. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the debate method on the pre-service early childhood teachers in media and environmental safety education. The purpose of this study was to examine 21 grade-3 students who took a course on child safety management at A University in Gangwon-do using the learning achievement and the life core competency test tool. As a result of applying the debate method to the media and environmental safety education in this study, it was found that there was a significant effect on achievement of learning goals, problem solving and communication ability. In debate, since the deviation of the utilization ability as well as the knowledge acquisition is clearly visualized and the ability to communicate through refutations, questions and answers was performed as the main factors, the early childhood teachers can recognize the weakness of their weakness and can be able to 'learn well'.

Purpose; CD(Celiac Disease) is a genetic disease caused by gluten, which is one of the most common diseases among modern people. The only way to prevent this is by eating gluten-free foods. Our rice, which is a main food, is a popular food. It is thought that it is appropriate to use this rice for the development of gluten - free food because it is made from such high. In this study, we tried to measure muffin quality, texture, color and sensory evaluation by using puffed rice. For the preparation of puffed rice muffins, first add the puffed rice flour, baking powder, sugar and salt, water was added and mixed at low speed to complete the dough(23 ± 1 °C). The puffed rice muffin was prepared by placing 70 g of dough in a muffin cup (7.5×4 cm) and baking in a preheated oven at 200 °C and 200 °C for 20 minutes. After cooling, it was used for the experiment. The hardness of the muffins added with puffed rice was significantly lower than that of the muffins prepared with wheat flour. The chewiness and hardness were significantly lower as the amount of puffed rice was increased, and the number of muffins prepared with puffed rice was the lowest among the samples. The results of the color measurement of muffins showed that the lightness decreased significantly with the increase of the amount of expanded rice. The sensory evaluation showed that PM2 produced by adding 50% puffed rice flour and 50% wheat flour was the best, and the taste of muffin was PM1 added with puffed rice 25% were significantly higher than the other samples. Therefore, PM2 with 50% puffed rice flour and 50% wheat flour were most preferred. Therefore, it has been found that the preparation of muffins by adding puffed rice is preferable to consumers' preference, and it is thought that it will be useful for the development of gluten free products, and various products using puffed rice should be developed.

Equality between men and women is one of the social questions that will sustain as long as sex based discrimination remains unchanged. Various approaches have been made from many different aspects to do away with it. All this notwithstanding, it remains a sensitive issue until now, indicating that all approaches so far made are of no avail with immanent limits. Furthermore, there has lately been a transformation in national leadership from government initiation to the joint participation of the government and civil society, both of which having its own respective role in what may be called participatory reform. Likewise, all social sectors are to join in recognizing, sorting and redressing social issues at hand From this point of view, "a gender equal community" is suggested in this study as a means of resolving the structural and sustaining issue of inequality between men and women under communalism. To provide a theoretical background, the details of the proposed community of gender equality a re discussed on the basis of communalism. This is to realize a society in which men and women stand on an equal footing. This study signifies a new approach as has never been attempted to tackle the problem of gender inequality, though the model presented here is of an initiative nature

When measurin g relative renal function ratio (RRFR) in nuclear medicine tests, radiation is usually counteding a posterior detector. However, when there is a difference in the depth of the left and right kidneys, counting of the radiation using only the posterior detector may result in a lower counting rate of the deeply located kidneys. In this study, we investigate d the usefulness of geometric mean in measuring the RRFR by applying a geometric mean after counting radiation using the anterior posterior detector when the depths of the left and right kidneys are different. Kidney model studies and clinical studies were performed using the Symbia T16 gamma camera system to obtain anterior and posterior images. For RRFR calculations, RRFR was measured by applying arithmetic mean, once with information only counted by the posterior detector. Again, with the information cou nted by the anterior and posterior detectors, the geometric mean was applied to measure the RRFR. The results of the kidney model study were y = 0.23 + 0.38x, R 2 = 0.986 (p = 0.000), and the clinical results were y = 0.25 + 0.16x and R 2 = 0.82 3 (p = 0.000). It can be seen that as the depth difference of the elongation increases, the function ratio of the deeply located elongation increases gradually among the RRFRs in which the geometric mean is applied with the information counted by the anterior and posterior detectors. In kidney examinations conducted by the nuclear medicine department, the RRFR is generally measured using only the posterior detector. However, when the RRFR was measured using the geometric mean with the information from the anterior and posterior detectors, it was confirmed that the function ratio of the deeply located kidney rises. The above results suggest that the attenuation between the kidney and the detector is corrected. For patients with different depths of the left and right kidneys, it would be useful to measure the RRFR by applying a geometric mean with the both detectors.

The subgrade modulus is an important parameter in the railway safety and the analysis of the behavior of a ballasted track. However, because such analyses often use the design subgrade moduli, their results seldom agree with those of finite element(FE) analyses, which use the theoretically determined subgrade moduli. Moreover, it is difficult to experimentally determine the subgrade modulus and spring stiffness of an in-service track because track components such as the ballast, sleepers, and rails are installed over the subgrade. In this study, the subgrade modulus of an in-service ballasted track was estimated by measuring the dynamic response of the track for railway safety. The subgrade modulus was further predicted from a proposed subgrade modulus map developed from the results of field tests and empirical equations for comparison with the design value. The rail displacement of the ballasted track was also predicted by an FE model that considers the spring stiffness at the rail support point, which includes the subgrade stiffness. It was confirmed that the subgrade modulus of an in-service ballasted track could be reliably predicted on the basis of the dynamic wheel load and rail displacement using the proposed subgrade modulus map.

This study examined the relationship between attachment security and clinical behavioral problems in a sample of 155 middle childhood boys in Republic of Korea. We tested the following hypotheses: 1) attachment security is associated with internalizing problems in middle childhood boys and 2) attachment security is associated with externalizing problems in middle childhood boys. Semi-structured interview (Separation Anxiety Test) was applied to identify the attachment security, and K-CBCL was used to measure behavioral problems. Frequency analysis and chi-square test were conducted to identify clinically risky groups in behavioral problems and to investigate the association with attachment security. The results of this study indicated that boys with insecure attachment type were more identified as a semi-clinical/clinical group in internalizing problems, but not in externalizing problems. These results were consistent with some previous studies which reported the relationship between attachment security and internalizing problems, but in contrast to other studies which suggested the association between attachment security and externalizing problems. Future studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between attachment security and externalizing problems of middle childhood boys in Republic of Korea. This study has following implications. First, we evaluated attachment security in middle childhood boys applying semi-structured attachment interview rather than self-report questionnaires to access the complexity and verbal and non-verbal expressions of attachment representations. Also, this study showed the relationship between attachment security and internalizing/externalizing problems in middle childhood boys who have been less investigated in previous studies. Finally, this study suggested that insecure attachment in middle childhood boys has clinical implication in internalizing problems.

International survey of the private security industry has rejuvenated interest in its study, in what has been a period of intensive growth internationally over several decades. Regulatory survey and analyses have been conventionally confined to Australia, Britain and North America, while developments in other world regions remain unassessed. This article is intended to inform and document the the recurring issues and challenges associated with the security industry in Republic of Korea. This article examines growth and diversification; regulation focusing on oversight practices; and offers a critique of the industry, as well as discussions on areas of possible improvement in regulation. The findings suggest that, although sustained intensive growth is evident, such growth has not been representative of a comprehensive scheme, and as such partial coverage of security tasks, minimal under-writing of competency standards, and insufficient attention paid to proactive monitoring and support remain ongoing issues. In light of the challenges outlined above, this article has discussed the range of strategies that could be pursued to complement a more comprehensive set of reforms, thereby optimizing the overall system. The major recommendation centers around three discussion areas. First, there appears to be a case for the policymakers to spread the legislative umbrella to embrace greater coverage of security tasks beyond the basic categories of static/armed guarding, close protection, cash-in-transit and alarm service, so that entry into the industry is controlled and monitored. Second, training has conventionally given a low priority due to ground that a two-year compulsory military service experience is adequate. Such assumption has resulted in a situation where the competency requirement is being avoided or neglected. Concurrently, there appears to be a case for the regulators and industry associations to engage in developing certified standards aimed at raising the bar of professionalism. Third, regulators should take advantage of cost-effective advances in monitoring programs in order to address the complexity of crime problems and benefit the industry in general.

Recently, as interest in disaster-safety has been rising, contents regarding disaster medical service have been presented in various related guidelines. However, the presentation of criteria related to the facility input has been insufficient. In the case of contents regarding site selecting methods related to field emergency medical facility input, the criteria and procedures necessary for decision making have not been systematically organized. In this study, as a basic study related to field emergency medical facility input site selection among matters requiring decision making related to disaster field emergency medical facility input, factors that must be considered necessary for site selection and the process were derived. In addition, the field emergency medical facility input site selecting process was actually presented based on a virtual site. In the future, quantitative criteria for disaster field emergency medical facility input should be presented according to diverse disaster types.

The aim of this research is to study the functions of senior citizen leisure and welfare centers that are autonomously managed and operated by senior citizens in order to contribute to senior citizens’ ability to live a healthy life in their old age. Based on December 2016 statistics, there are 3,369 senior citizen centers in Seoul with approximately 7 or 8 in each ‘dong’(administrative unit). There are approximately 68,000 centers nationwide, making South Korea’s senior citizen centers the most accessible in the world. Moreover, it can also be considered a social overhead capital as an excellent delivery system of senior welfare through its undertaking of beautiful and fine customs as well as delivering culture. This study conducted a survey of presidents from 3,369 senior citizen centers between the periods 2016. 4. 1 and 2016. 6. 30 in Seoul and analyzed 3,100 valid samples. The SPSS/WIN 21.0 program was utilized for data analysis. The goal of this research is to propose a solution that can secure effective management capabilities by improving the functional operation system of senior citizen centers, which is projected to contribute to strengthening senior citizen centers’ quality management.

This study intends to suggest ways to improve the safety management measures and the safety management system following the safety accidents and complex risk factors that may arise in the field of martial arts. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the following research questions have been set. First, what are the status and causes of the safety accidents in the martial arts? Second, what are the ways to improve the safety management system of the martial arts? In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we have reviewed articles, papers, and books related to the safety domestic and foreign as of 2017 in order to identify the current status and causes of the safety accidents in the martial arts and to suggest ways to improve the safety management system of the martial arts where a literature survey method was used, and the collected data were divided into the status of safety accidents, cause analysis and improvement measures, respectively. Based on the above research method and the data analysis method, the following research conclusions were acquired. First of all, the status and causes of safety accidents in the martial sports are analyzed as follows. First, 55.9% of the martial artist population, which is more than half of the total, experienced a safety accident sustaining severe to minor injuries and experienced an average of 2.6 injuries per year. Second, the most common injuries were pain(54.8%) and sprains(51.8%) while they were concentrated on the head and the upper body. Third, the causes of safety accidents in martial arts activities were technical factors such as the lack of motor functionality and skills, psychological factors such as excessive exercise, lack of tension, and conceitedness, among others. In addition, physical causes such as the failure to repair the facility, such as collision with the opponent and falling, were among the main causes. The improvement measures for the safety management system of the martial arts are as follows. First, it is necessary to continuously improve the curriculum of the martial arts instructor certificate. Second, the safety management system should be constructed through the placement of professional medical personnel related to the safety accidents along with the institutionalization of the emergency care system. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the gymnasium establishment law and leader placement standards, and mandatory safety education for instructors should be provided to provide safety environment for trainees by enhancing the ability of martial arts leaders to deal with safety accidents. Finally, the association of each martial art should systematize the mandatory safety training so that leader and trainee can improve the problems of environment and develop new program and safety education so that they can practice and compete in safe environments.