Regulations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine and understand the structural relationship between environmental awareness level, clean beauty cosmetics awareness, and repurchase behavior among Generation MZ, and investigate the regulating effect of consumer responsibility perception. Recently, as the consumers' interest in environmental protection has grown, it was intended to help the development of new products of clean beauty and the development of the cosmetics market, which is emerging as a new trend, thereby providing the basic data to consumers and fans of future marketing strategies. Method: For the subject of this study, it was intended to use the SPSS 25.0, AMOS 22.0 program for 523 copies of online questionnaires in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon areas and non-metropolitan area to verify the research question for Generation MZ who have purchased clean beauty cosmetics at least once and analyzed them. The exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were performed to secure the validity and reliability of the scale, and the Pearson correlation analysis was performed to confirm the correlation between major variables. The regulating effect analysis was performed through path analysis, and a multi-group comparative path analysis was performed to confirm the regulating effect. Results: As a result of the analysis performed, the level of environmental awareness had a positively significant effect on the perception of clean beauty cosmetics(?=.492, p<.001) and intention to repurchase(?=.086, p<.05), while the clean beauty cosmetic perception also had a positively significant effect on the repurchase behavior and intention(?=.651, p<.001). That is, the higher the level of environmental awareness, the higher the level of awareness and repurchase behavior for clean beauty cosmetics. In particular, the level of environmental awareness was found to be a factor that can increase the intention to repurchase by raising the level of awareness of clean beauty cosmetics. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it turned out that the higher the environmental awareness level, the higher the level of awareness of clean beauty cosmetics or the level of repurchase behavior. It is meaningful for identifying the preferences of Generation MZ in the clean beauty cosmetics market, which has been gradually expanding since COVID-19, and presenting products and effective marketing strategies accordingly.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of police force on crime. To discuss in more detail, it is intended to understand the change in the number of crimes caused by the police's new police box. Among the various variables that measure police force, police substations such as police constabulary and police box are important variables. In particular, if the police force is improved through the opening of a new police box, crime suppressive effects are also expected to increase. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the difference between the number of theft and violent crimes caused by the police's new police box. Method: The data used in this study are data on theft and violence in a city of 500,000 people located in Gyeongsangbukdo region. More specifically, a specific administrative dong(Gupyeong-dong in Gumi City) of the city are subject to analysis. Data for a total of 39 months from 2012(January) to 2015(May) were analyzed. More specifically, this study compared and analyzed the number of thefts and violent crimes that occurred before and after the opening of the police box in October 2013. In this study, a T-test was attempted for average comparison. Results: As a result of statistical analysis, it was confirmed that the police force has the ability to suppress crimes in this study. In many existing police studies, it is understood that the police force has a positive or meaningless effect on crime. In addition, few previous studies have identified the relationship between the establishment of new police substations and crime. Conclusion: Through this study, it is an important result showing that the establishment of a new police box by the police has a suppressive effect on crime. As shown in this study, it can be seen that the newly established police box statistically significantly reduced theft and violent crime. In other words, police forces have reduced crime. This result is important evidence to support the discussion of existing classical criminology and neoclassical criminology. The theory of inhibition developed in classical criminology is understood as an important mechanism by which police can suppress criminals. In particular, it is understood that the establishment of a police box has in-creased the fear of punishment for criminals. In addition, based on neoclassical criminology, it is understood that the establishment of a police box would have worked to strengthen surveillance and increase the risk of punish-ment. Based on the results of this study, more policy discussions should be held to maximize the effect of reducing and inhibiting crime opportunities by establishing more small police boxes than large-scale police substations.

Purpose: With the focus on Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea, the author shows how women were possessed by men as objects, what was expected of women as men's property, and the punishment imposed on women who do not meet those expectations in the Victorian era. Following the Industrial Revolution, women also had a desire to live by choosing what they wanted with their own free will, not as the property of men, but society only gave them the role of the angels in the house obeying men and taking care of the family and if this expectation is not met, they were portrayed as madwomen and discarded by men. Method: First, it will be discussed how women at the time, represented as Annette and Antoinette, married men as objects, and what men expected of women as wives. Second, it will be discussed how women were punished when they did not act as submissive wives deviating from what the society of the time expected of women, such as yelling, swearing, drinking, or expressing sexual desire; and why they were treated as madwomen and imprisoned like Annette and Antoinette who were chosen and later discarded by Mason and Rochester. Third, it will be examined how Annette and Antoinette discarded by Mason and Rochester were judged as madwomen and imprisoned, and how they were punished for behavior beyond what the society of the time expected of women. Results: Annette shouted, criticized, and ridiculed Mason when her son died because Mason ignored her thought of leaving Coulibri. In return, she was sexually harassed by black people; her daughter Antoinette was portrayed as a madwoman to an extent that she even thought, 'This is not my mother'; and Antoinette was portrayed as a madwoman who laughed out loud like crazy and hit stones with her fists for the reason that she ex-pressed her sexual desire and lost her chastity before marriage, and were imprisoned by Mason and Rochester respectively. Conclusion: Victorian English society made women men’s property and never tolerated women who were not obedient to men or invaded men's domains and tried to dominate them. Seeing that the thoughts, desires, and wills of women at that time represented as Annette and Antoinette through the “Wide Sargasso Sea”, the author thinks that even in our present day, it is worth considering whether our society make someone's thoughts, desires, and will crazy and punish them for reasons of order maintenance or public interest.

Purpose: The purpose of this study aims to find the way in which policy implementation structure is established to support social enterprise applicants. Together with it, the study proposes the social innovative measures of the social enterprise certification program based on bureaucratic administration through the discovery of social values. Methods: The article examines public data on social enterprise certification from 2007 to 2022 and interviews with the stakeholders in social enterprise by utilizing Enroljas’ mimetic institutional isomorphism that focuses on the system, actors, and the interaction among actors as variables. Chapter 2 discusses social enterprise, administrative decentralization, social value and social innovation. Chapter 3 conducts an institutional analysis of the certification support administrative system. Chapter 4 undertakes an institutional analysis of the designation sup-port administrative system. Chapter 5 pinpoints the limitation of the certification in the realization of social value, suggest the social purpose company as innovation, and compares the independent legal entity of social enterprise between Korea, UK and US. Results: The certification and designation system are operated by the dual management mode of administrative organization and intermediate organization. The policy implementation structure consist of vertical structure between administrative organizations and horizontal structure between administrative ones and intermediary. The certification system suppresses the realization of the social value of social enterprises and experiences the organizational identification. Conclusion: The independent legal entity of social enterprises is an institutional innovation instead of bureaucratic certification program. This outcome is confirmed by comparing the institutions of social enterprise legal entities in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Purpose: The economic crimes targeting an unspecified majority are beyond imagination in terms of economic development and the extent of their damages incurred. Among the typical examples is the crime of unlawful fund raising. Despite the continuous crackdowns and punishments at the pan-government level, it threatens the economy of the commoners. The most unlawful fund raising companies are not subject to financial supervision, yet promise to pay a fixed interest rate or high dividends several dozen times larger than the financial institutions as a bait of high returns. However, there is no source of income, and it is just a ‘Ponzi scheme’ which preserves the profits of existing investors with the investment of new investors. This is a method through which the unlawful fund raising companies guarantee the principal and interest from an unspecified number of people without authorization, permission, registration, or reporting. Furthermore, defrauding multi-level investment by paying referral allowances or commissions when introducing sub-investors is a typical behavior of the unlawful fund raising crimes. Method: This study reviews previous studies through the literature study, and examines the actual situation via the empirical studies along with theoretical review of unlawful fund raising act, which is deceived by high returns, and deceptive behavior through multi-stage investment. Results: This study based on the gravity of the crime of unlawful fund raising, the latest trends in the crime types including the impersonation of financial companies and virtual currencies are analyzed. Sanctions against those who engage in an unlawful fund raising act should be strengthened, and good traders should be protected. Conclusion: Furthermore, the gravity of punishment in the deterrence theory for the crime prevention is presented as a theoretical grounds. As a measure to prevent damages, it is necessary to raise the criminal punishment, and introduce punitive damages and a special judicial police officer system.

Purpose: The customer satisfaction strategies to improve sports center management performance are developed, and for this purpose, they are strengthening internal marketing activities for their employees. These internal marketing activities are not only related to the service quality provided to the users by the employees, but also the importance of the role of customer orientation development is being emphasized. Hence, from this point of view, the purpose of this study is to examine and understand the effect of internal marketing on the customer orientedness and market orientedness in order to present the basic data for establishing the customer oriented marketing for the sports centers. Method: In this study, as of 2022, 230 employees of sports centers in Daegu Metropolitan City were surveyed, and the convenience sampling was used for the sampling method, and the survey was conducted using the Self-Administration Method. Among the collected questionnaires, 228 questionnaires were used as the valid samples, except for the data with insincere responses or omission of some of the contents of the questionnaire. The measurement tool was a questionnaire, and the data processing was carried out by the SPSS 22.0 Program, a statistical package program, and frequency analysis, reliability verification, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were performed. Results: In this study, as a result of factor analysis and reliability verification performed, the internal marketing turned out to be education and training factor α=.894, community factor α=.870, and compensation system factor α=.825, and customer orientation was customer care factor α=.866, customer understanding factor α=.852, customer management factor α=.795. The market orientedness was shown as the market orientedness factor α=.812. Overall, internal marketing of sports centers affects the customer orientation and the market orientation. Conclusion: In this study, the internal marketing of sports center affects the customer orientedness and the market orientedness, and for the efficient management of sports center and the more stable profit generation, it is necessary to provide a customer oriented service differentiated from the sports centers competing through the internal marketing activities which reflect the needs and desires of sports center users.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to validate the difference in the perception of North Korean defectors by focusing on variables according to the period of service of the security police and the police’s total period of service, which can provide a high accessibility and experience based results for the North Korean defectors. Method: In this study, 100 South Korean police officers in 2020 were surveyed among the police officers of the security department who had work experiences related to the North Korean defectors, and among the trainees of the Police Human Resources Development Institute, the police institute of education in South Korea. The survey was conducted by the self-administration method, and 91 people’s questionnaires were used as valid samples, excluding the data with insincere responses or missing part of the survey information. Results: In terms of the difference in the perception of North Korean defectors according to the period of police service, the analysis demonstrated that there was a significant difference for the Q-22 question at the level of 5%. That is, it turned out that the longer the total police service period, the more the North Korean defectors had the perception to receive legal support for the purposes of visiting the police station. Furthermore, as for the difference in the perception of the North Korean defectors according to the period of the security police service, the analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the Q-24, Q-34, and Q-38 questions at the 5% level. That is, it turned out that the security police perceived the problems of the North Korean defectors to be personal safety and understanding of the South Korean society, and perceived that the average monthly economic income of the North Korean defectors is stable. Conclusion: As the conclusion of this study, while the police generally perceive the work involving the North Korean defectors as a legal support and a business processing, the longer the service period of the security police, the difference in their perception turned out such that, the more problems with the personal safety of the North Korean defectors and their understanding of the South Korean society. Furthermore, in terms of the security police who are directly in charge of he North Korean defectors, they have a common perception about the North Korean society, such as problem solving through violence, awareness of and avoidance of damages according to the compliance of law, and the justification of individual sacrifice by groups. Hence, it may be interpreted as a result of recognizing it as a result of a lack of personal protection against violent crimes and a lack of understanding of the South Korean society.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze big data related to food tourism in Jeollanam-do. Specifically, this study analyzes what potential tourists consider food tourism in Jeollanam-do under the COVID19 regulation. It is to analyze the perception about Jeonnam as a destination for food tourism perceived by potential tourists through big data analysis. From big data analysis, this study analyzes why tourists visit Jeollanam-do for food tourism. Method: The big data collected for analysis ranged from January 1 to December 31, 2021 using the Textom and came from the “N” firm, the largest portal site in Korea. Big data was collected from blogs, cafes, and news among various channels owned by the firm using the keyword ‘Jeonnam food tourism’. Two years have been since the first case of COVID-19 infection was reported in Korea on January 20, 2020. Word pairs were selected using the N-gram, which is a number that records the number of consecutive expressions of two words in the data. Key words were visualized using word cloud analysis. Results: First, according to the frequency analysis through text mining, tourists who visit Jeollanam-do perceive Jeollanam-do as a food tourism destination. Second, in the frequency analysis using the N-gram, many words for tourism activities, tourism resources, tourism products, culture, and the like were presented in addition to food tourism in Jeollanam-do. Third, as in the frequency analysis using the N-gram and the result from word cloud, a specific region in Jeollanam-do such as Beopseongpo and a specific food such as kimchi were showed in the top search terms. Conclusion: First, those officials who are charged in public relations and tourism in Jeollanam-do should prepare environments to provide unique tourism activities linked to food tourism and should develop various tourism programs in connection with food tourism in Jeollanam-do. Second, it is necessary to provide and promote fascinating programs that can be experienced from visit to Jeonnam, such as cultural tourism activities linked with food tourism and local tourism experiences. Finally, as the capital of food tourism, numerous advertisement and promotions for Jeonnam food and effective food-related festivals and events are necessary.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to compare institutional arrangements between precedent social enterprises with a focus on the change of third sector organizations. Along with this, it is also to give an implication for a latecomer that insufficiently institutionalized social enterprise from the side of precedent countries of social enterprise. Method: The article reviews the policy documents and legal data of the governments and public organizations involving the UK, the US, and South Korea as well as China by applying Krasner’s model of punctuated equilibrium that gives attention to macro, meso, and micro institutions. Chapter 2 explores the paths and types of social enterprise. Chapter 3 discusses the economic environment and regime change, the legalization and legal entity, and the support system and support measure of social enterprise. Chapter 4 discusses the comparison of the influence of multi-leveled institutions. Chapter 5 discusses an implication for a latecomer of social enterprise, China. Results: The article finds the influence of institution on social enterprise and an implication for a latecomer. First, the welfare liberal state with voluntary sector tradition forms the social enterprise as a separate legal entity as the state experiences an economic recession and low employment. Second, the welfare liberal state with non-profit sector tradition makes social enterprise a separable legal entity as the state undergoes economic recession and high employment. Third, the statism-centered state with an underdeveloped third sector forms social enterprise as an inseparable legal entity as the state goes through an economic recession and low employment. China as a latecomer puts together the cases of the precedent nations for its institution-building. Conclusion: This article concludes that the third sector development and character plays a critical role in forming social enterprise when state and market address external shock and internal conflict. Institutions tend to persist, but the social enterprise is formed as the existing third sector organization encounters an exogenous variable and is mediated by state and market.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the current status of illegal online gambling, which is rapidly spreading recently, and to suggest policy measures to prevent gambling addiction of illegal online gambling users. Illegal online gambling is easier to access than the legal gambling industry, so it tends to be converted very quickly. Therefore, there is a need for a way to actively cope with this. Method: The seriousness of illegal gambling has been an important issue until recently. In Korean society, gambling culture is spread and has an acceptable sentiment for gambling. Many people buy lottery tickets hoping to win the lottery. However, gambling based on gambling leads to gambling addiction, which poses a risk of economic loss, family destruction, and crime. Therefore, this study aims to understand the status of the Korean gambling industry and point out the problems of gambling addiction caused by gambling. In addition, I would like to look at countermeasures from various countries against illegal online gambling, which is understood to play a key role in gambling addiction. Through this, we intend to provide suggestions for preventing the spread of illegal online gambling and solving gambling problems. Results: As a result of reviewing the existing KNGCC reports and literature data on illegal gambling, it was found that gambling is increasing throughout Korean society. Koreans are expected to make a lot of money by buying lottery tickets and betting on sports every week. Unfortunately, however, many people are suffering from gambling addiction. Gambling addiction causes a number of social problems. It produces various side effects such as personal health, family dissolution, departure from work, suicide, and crime. However, policy measures focused on legal gambling do not prevent the spread of illegal gambling. Most illegal gambling serviced online has a very high addiction rate and is difficult to crack down on compared to legal gambling. Efforts such as granting KNGCC the right to investigate are required to prevent this, but it is difficult. There is also an expectation that the spread of illegal gambling can be controlled through efforts such as providing legal gambling online. However, such a decision has a difficulty that social consensus should take precedence. Conclusion: For modern people living in the Meta-bus era, the temptation of illegal online gambling is difficult to avoid. It is very difficult to eradicate illegal gambling, which is being serviced online with high accessibility in the gambling industry, which is divided into legal and illegal. In the case of Korea, it is impossible to crack down on illegal gambling sites in the absence of KNGCC's investigative power. In addition, it is also a reality that it is difficult to crack down on illegal gambling sites due to frequent changes. As a result, it is difficult to cope with the rapidly increasing illegal online gambling with policy measures based simply on deterrence policies. Therefore, this study attempted to emphasize the importance of strengthening online services for legal gambling and preventive education and gambling addiction treatment for illegal gambling.