International journal of martial arts

Purpose: Players' desperateness is a mental state of readiness for training and competition, which is understood to be a variable that influences players' performance as a factor that promotes motivation for why they should participate and win. On the other hand, mental strength is psychological strength that directly affects the performance of players, so the relationship between these two variables is clearly classified into a sequential relationship, and finally, the perceived performance of players will be affected by the relationship between these two variables. In addition, it is possible to predict enough that mental strength will play a mediating role in the relationship between desperateness and perceived performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the influence of high school Taekwondo players' perceived desperateness through structural relationships with their desperateness, mental strength, and perceived performance, and to help them improve their performance. Method: A total of 281 high school Taekwondo players were selected as participants by convenience sampling technique, and they were asked with desperateness questionnaire, mental strength questionnaire, and perceived performance questionnaire. The data analysis of this study was executed by using PASW 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 for the frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and the research model was test through structure equation modeling analysis and the bootstrapping method was used to find out the mediating effect. Results: The desperateness had a positive relationship with mental strength. This is a result of predicting that the higher the level of desperateness, the higher the level of mental strength can be. Desperateness was also found to have a positive causal relationship with perceived performance meaning that the higher the level of desperation, the higher the level of performance perceived by athletes, and it is understood that the desperation of high school taekwondo players can help improve perceived performance. Mental strength had a positive causal relationship with perceived performance. It means the higher the level of mental strength, the higher the level of performance perceived by athletes, and it is understood that the mental strength of high school taekwondo players can help improve the perceived performance. Mental strength had a mediating effect in the relationship between desperateness and perceived performance. Conclusion: The desperateness of athletes is a leading variable that positively influences the improvement of athletes' performance. Desperate is a state of mind preparedness for how high school Taekwondo players participate in sports and games, and it is understood that this mindset is expressed as a strong will for the purpose and direction of action, and it is judged to have a positive impact on the win or lose of the game. Since this study found mental strength had a positive causal relationship with perceived performance mental strength needs to be regarded as a major concern of leaders and coaches as a major factor in determining the win or loss of a game, and should be making continuous efforts to improve the mental strength of athletes.

Purpose: The promotion, program, facility, and environmental factors of Taekwondo centers affect the image of Taekwondo centers, and the image of Taekwondo centers affects the continuation of training and word-of-mouth intention. The program also showed that Taekwondo demonstration activities had an effect on the image of the centers, but the study was conducted on parents and there was a lack of contents on the effect of the demonstration activities on the trainees in addition to the management factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Taekwondo demonstration team activities showing various skills on the image of centers and the intention of general trainees to join the training Method: The participants of this study were 190 general trainees from 4th to 6th grade of elementary school who had been trained for at least one year at five Taekwondo centers operating a front-line demonstration team in Seoul and Northern Gyeonggi-do, and were sampled using a convenience sampling method among non-probability sampling methods. Among the collected questionnaires, all 162 were judged to be reliable except for 28 data that were judged to be unreliable, and the analysis was conducted based on a total of 162 questionnaires. Results: A regression analysis of the effect of the perception of demonstration team activities on the image of centers(operation) showed that personality cultivation effect(p=0.000) has a positive(+) effect on the image of operations at a statistically significant level, with an influence of 0.420. In addition, the regression model shows p=0.000, F=9.636 and the regression analysis formula shows R2=0.236, which shows the explanatory power of 23.6% of the total variance. Conclusion: First, the perception of the demonstration team activities affects the painting image. Specifically, the effect of personality cultivation affects the operation and leadership, the effect of personality cultivation, physical effect, and technological development affect the expertise, and the effect of personality cultivation and technological development affect the social service. Second, the perception of the demonstration team activities affects the intention to join trainees. Specifically, the psychological effect and the personality cultivation effect affect the intention to join trainees. Third, the image of centers affects the intention to join trainees. Specifically, the social service affects the intention to join trainees.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply a phenomenological approach, a qualitative research method, to explore the common experiences of Wushu majors in China in the process of giving up their movements and transitioning to Korean Taekwondo leaders. Method: For the selection of participants in the study, 6 participants aged 27 to 30 years old with experience in Wushu with more than 10 years of experience in competition as a student athlete were selected as a purposive sampling method among nonprobability sampling. In the analysis process, through the analysis framework of Giorgi's 4th stage the analysis process is conducted to identify text content from a holistic perspective, segmentation of semantic units, transformation into academic language, and integrating the converted semantic units into a structure. Results: The results of the study were divided into situational structured statements and general structured statements, and in the situational structured statement, 5 elements, 16 sub-elements, and a total of 54 semantic units were found. According to the data analysis, five major components were found in the meaning of a Chinese Wushu major's career transition to a Korean Taekwondo leader: a "hardened Wushu education system", a "lack of Wushu operation management system", "choice of Taekwondo as a popular job", and " "regret and desire of giving up on Wushu". Conclusion: This study suggest in concrete and vivid language why Wushu majors, who represent Chinese culture and are loved by Chinese people, switch to Taekwondo leaders. It was possible to examine the reasons why Wushu majors drop out, and through this, it was possible to discover the intrinsic and external problems perceived by Wushu majors. In addition, it is said that the research is meaningful in that it has suggested proposal for the sustainable development of Wushu majors through the research results.

Purpose: Quantitative grounds for the difficulty distinction and clear evaluation criteria of Taekwondo free style Poomsae spin kick are required. The purpose of this research is to conduct a kinematic analysis of 540°Dwihuryochagi(540D), 720°Dollyochagi(720D) and 900°Dwihuryochagi(900D) and provide a quantitative basis for spin kick difficulty classification. Method: 13 athletes(age: 20.6±0.7 years, height: 171.3±4.2 cm, weight: 65.4±6.2 kg, experience: 8.3±4.5 years) were selected for this study. The analysis variables were the interval-specific time required for the spin kick, the displacement and velocity of the center of mass(COM), and the rotation angle and rotation angular velocity of the trunk. Results: First, as the rotation angle increased, the time to kick(E2-E4) increased and the height of kick-off(E4) COM decreased(p<.05). Second, it has been shown that the time to land(E4-E5) is shortened(p<.05). The 900D was followed by kick after the landing was completed. Third, for the rotational angular velocity of the torso, rapid angular velocity was shown in the order of 900D > 720D > 540D in the air rotation interval(Phase 2-5). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the difficulty of 900D should be allocated higher than that of 540D and 720D. In addition, Video Assistant Referee(VAR) techniques need to be applied to evaluate the success of 900D.

Purpose: This study was analyzed by conducting a survey of 170 leaders working at taekwondo gyms in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province to find out the impact of the Taekwondo master's job satisfaction on the revitalization of the Taekwondo gym. Method: Descriptive Statistics, Frequencies, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Multiple regression Analysis was used on the data collected through the surveys by using the SPSS 22.0 to determine the effect between factors. The significance level for all statistics was set to 0.05. Results: First, the sub-variant analysis of the job satisfaction for Taekwondo masters, showed no statistically significant difference in gender. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in all factors depending on their educational background. Also, the guidance experience showed statistically significant differences in the factors relating to the task itself. Second, the sub-variant analysis of the Taekwondo master's gym activation (personal performance) showed no statistically significant difference in gender, but statistically significant differences showed in all factors depending on educational background. In addition, there have been statistically significant differences in the factors of individual performance over the course of the guidance career. Third, an analysis of the impact of job satisfaction of Taekwondo masters on the revitalization of Taekwondo gyms (management performance) showed that all factors in job satisfaction have a statistically significant impact on individual performance and painting performance related to the revitalization of Taekwondo gyms. Conclusion: The study found that the job satisfaction of Taekwondo masters has a positive impact on the revitalization of taekwondo gyms (management performance). We hope that the results of this study will be provided as basic data for how to revitalize the Taekwondo gym, and we hope that it will help revitalize the Taekwondo gym.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance factors of Poomsae High School Team, which is destroying Poomsae specialized gym's stronghold by comparing the training place, training time, training method, various support, and leader's career and to find out the reason how they broke the stronghold of specialized gyms who have dominated the competition for a long time and performing well to provide guidance for Poomsae leaders. Method: In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 5 Taekwondo Poomsae specialized gyms and 2 professional school teams were conducted, and data were collected through literature surveys and in-depth interviews on-site visits. Based on this, a comparative analysis of the performance factors of the Taekwondo Poomsae specialized gym and the high school team resulted in the following conclusions. Results: Overall, differences in scholarships, food expenses, support and training time and leaders' training concentration were shown. However, both groups focused on personality and sincere training when it came to guidance philosophy, and for the gyms, supply and demand of athletes and counseling with parents, and for high school temas, maintaining relationships with school teachers, and managing athletes in the camp were found to be difficulties. Conclusion: The reason why Poomsae specialized gym's performance factor is significantly lower than that of the professional high school team is that the number of camp and field training depends on the parents' economic factors, and because the performance is proportional to the training volume, the school team's training is relatively higher than the professional gym, which is analyzed as a factor that can produce good results.

Purpose: The study was conducted to verify how sports confidence affects the continuation of exercise for high school student breaking athletes participating in the national-scale Taekwondo breaking competition. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a questionnaire was conducted on 364 high school student breaking athletes who have participated in a national Taekwondo breaking contest and analyzed the collected data. Method: In the study, the data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and a Frequency analysis was performed to find out the general characteristics of the study participants. Correlation analysis was conducted to determine the influence relationship between the variables of the measurement tool. In addition, Multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of sports confidence on the continuation of exercise. All statistical significance levels were set to .05. Results: First, as a result of verifying the difference between sports confidence and exercise continuation according to the gender of high school breaking athletes who participated in the Taekwondo breaking contest, there were statistically significant differences in coach leadership of sports confidence, physical and mental preparation factor, and exercise friend factor in exercise continuation. Second, as a result of verifying the difference between sports confidence and exercise continuation according to grades of high school breaking athletes participating in the Taekwondo breaking contest, statistically significant differences were found in the factors of exercise interest in exercise continuation. On the contrary, there was no statistically significant difference in all factors of sports confidence. Third, as a result of verifying the difference between sports confidence and exercise persistence according to the winning experience of high school breaking athletes participating in the Taekwondo breaking contest, there were no statistically significant differences in all factors of sports confidence and exercise persistence. Conclusion: as a result of the study, the recent increase in the sports confidence of Taekwondo-breaking players was identified and the conclusion that the sports confidence of high-school Taekwondo-breaking players could have an effect on the continuation of the exercise was drawn. Based on this, if Taekwondo practitioners of various age groups, from adults to adolescents and adolescents to youths, participate in the breaking contest and find a way to continue their Taekwondo training, it is thought that it could be a meaningful study not only for the Taekwondo demonstration field but also for the overall development of Taekwondo.

Purpose: In this study, 198 judo players from middle, high school, and university in Daegu and North Gyeongsang Province were analyzed for differences in the importance of attack and defense techniques by gender, grade, athlete experience and selection of representative athletes. Method: Data processing in this study was conducted using the SPSS 23.0 Program to identify the general characteristics of the subjects and the Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the questionnaire. T-test was conducted to identify differences in the importance of attack and defense techniques based on gender and standing experience, and One way ANOVA was conducted to identify differences in the importance of attack and defense techniques by grade and player experience. Results: As a result of this study, no statistical difference in the importance of attack and defense techniques was found by gender, grade, athlete experience, and selection experience of representative athletes. Although it was not statistically significant, the importance of attack and defense techniques by gender was high for male and female players with high hand and waist techniques. In terms of the importance of attack techniques by grade, the first and second graders in middle school showed high hand techniques, while the second and first graders in middle school showed high back techniques and foot techniques. In terms of defense techniques depending on the grade, the first and second graders in middle school showed high hand techniques, the second and first graders in middle school for waist techniques and the second graders in high school and middle school for foot techniques. In terms of the importance of attack techniques according to the player's experience, hand techniques, waist techniques, and foot techniques were all high under two years of player experience. In terms of the importance of defense techniques depending on the player's career, hand and waist techniques were higher than two years of player experience and foot techniques were higher than three years of player experience and five years of player experience. In terms of the importance of attack and defense techniques based on the winning experience, both attack and defense techniques showed that players who did not win prizes were higher than those who had won prizes. In terms of the importance of attack and defense techniques based on the experience of selecting representative players, both attack and defense techniques were higher than those with experience in selecting representative players. Conclusion: The results of this study are believed to be used as basic data for systematic training and player management to improve the performance of Judo athletes in middle and high schools and universities.

Purpose: Competitive anxiety is a state in which an athlete feels threat, fear, and pressure from the fierce competition and difficulty of winning, which inevitably accompanies an athletic event. This study seeks to delve into the influences of leadership on the competition status anxiety and psychological factors of university taekwondo demonstration teams, and examine the relationship between them. Method: Data collected through the questionnaire in this study was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Frequency analysis was performed to find out the general characteristics of the study participants, and exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach' α coefficient, an internal consistency test, were used to verify the validity and reliability of the measurement tool. In addition, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to determine the influence between variables of self-management, exercise commitment, and perceived athletic performance, and the significance level was set to .05. Results: First, it was found that the leadership of the leader had a statistically significant effect on cognitive state anxiety and state confidence among the competing state anxiety factors of university taekwondo demonstrators, and there was statistically no significant level in physical state anxiety. Second, it was found that leadership had a statistically significant effect on crisis management and confidence/achievement motivation among the psychological factors of the university taekwondo demonstrators, and there was no statistically significant level in anxiety control. Third, it was found that, among the elements of competition state anxiety of the university taekwondo demonstration team, cognitive state anxiety had a statistically significant effect on anxiety control, and there was no statistically significant level in physical state anxiety and state confidence. Conclusion: It can be said that the anxiety and psychological factors of the university taekwondo demonstrators' competition status according to leadership behavior style an effect. Accordingly, the results show that the positive behavioral pattern of the leader is related to the confidence of the athletes, the ability to cope with crisis, anxiety, and competition anxiety. It was determined that in order to improve athletes' performance and achieve good results in a perfect taekwondo demonstration situation, various behavior patterns of the leaders are necessary.

Purpose: Taekwondo is gaining global popularity as a sport through gyeorugi, poomsae, and demonstrations. As a proposal for the better development of Taekwondo, I would like to emphasize the importance of scientification. Methods: There is a need for systematic efforts to create a new Taekwondo for sports science that integrates with artificial intelligence, virtual reality, the robot industry, big data, and biological chemistry. Above all, we must not forget the essence of human-centered Taekwondo. The development of contents as an educational program centered on the moral value of Taekwondo and the development of Taekwondo in fusion with culture must be emphasized continuously. Results: As a specific project, scientific research on Taekwondo to present evidence for health promotion and academic research for cutting-edge science in competition sports are representative. In order to establish itself as a sport and improve performance, more intensive efforts on the use of cutting-edge science are emphasized to solve the abundance of problems such as stadium specifications, game time, scoring type, judgment method, and electronic tooling of sportswear and shoes. The development of a taekwondo program as a rehabilitation sport for the recovery of human inner and physical function can be a new attempt in consideration of changes in the times including low birthrate and aging. Conclusion: Taekwondo should play a role in protecting human body shape in excellent form while converging with more diverse disciplines to promote health and improve athletic performance. Just as many changes in human science have been accompanied by culture and religion, efforts to find human-centered Taekwondo science should also be attempted.