Kinesiology

Purpose: This study complements some of the shortcomings of the past developed tool for measuring sports ethics consciousness of Korean college students. Method: The past tool used the basic principles developed by G. Lind of Germany. The validity was also based on the verification procedure proposed by G. Lind. To get better validation, this study got comments from 3 advisors who are very specialized in the sphere of moral education. Results: This sports ethics consciousness measurement tool is generally good at verifying the order of preference for each moral development stage. The experts’ reactions in 1st, 4th, and 5th stage were slightly out of the normal range. The quasi-simplex structure validation was clearly classified and guaranteed, and cognitive-emotional parallel validation also not bad. In the past researches, the 4th and 5th stages were slightly higher than the 6th stage. But the result of this study could be acceptable. To overcome the weakness the past tool, this study got interview with three domestic moral education based doctors. Mostly they commented trivial problems in the past tool which contains weakness at the stage of moral development. According to these aids, this study could change the sentences at the 4th stage. Conclusion: This study showed the a little corrected tool for measuring sports ethics awareness of Korean college students that has been developed. Later the result of this study will be verified through statistical study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is one,and-intended to provide a basis for performance improvement compared to the difference of the attack techniques according to sex and grade of the University of inducing the player. Method: In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 198middle,high,andcollege judo athletes,andthe collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 Statistical Program.Frequency analysis was performed to understand the general characteristics of the study subjects, and Cronbach'sαcoefficient was calculated toverify the reliability of the questionnaire.A t-test was conducted to find out differences in attack techniques according to gender, and One Way ANOVA was conducted to find out differences in attack techniques according to grades. Results: It did not show the difference statistically significant attack skills according to gender. in the case of the attack techniques of the grade hand techniques and foot techniques of college students showed highly significant statistically than high school. On back technology of middle school students, it was significantly higher than high school students and college students. Conclusion: Syntehsizing this study, these results, in the case of hand techniques and foot techniques, according to the grade of, compared to high school with high frequency utilization of college players, it should be taken into account that as identified in prior studies, on the training program plan of high school elite athletes, therefore, it is necessary to find a plan for physical strength and skill training to increase the scoring rate of hand skills and foot skills.

Purpose: This study is a case study that analyzes the effects after planning and applying a functional training program to improve the performance of high school male freestyle wrestler. Methods: The subject of this study was one elite athlete in freestyle wrestling at K High School in D Metropolitan City. The contents of the applied functional training program consisted of 5 items related to flexibility, 5 items related to dynamic stabilization, 8 items related to muscular endurance, and 8 items related to muscle power improvement in consideration of the wrestling competition situation. After applying the functional training program twice a week at a frequency of 120 minutes per day for 5 weeks(10 times), changes in body composition, basic physical strength, maximal exercise load test, anaerobic exercise capacity, knee joint isokinetic strength and muscle power were analyzed. Results: Body composition, basic physical fitness, maximal exercise load test, anaerobic exercise capacity, isokinetic muscle strength and muscle power were measured before and after the application of functional training, and most of the measurement items showed positive changes after application of the program. In particular, a positive change in exercise duration and maximal oxygen intake as a result of the graded maximal exercise test indicates an improvement in cardiopulmonary endurance, and a decrease in peak drop among the anaerobic exercise capacity measurement items increases tolerance to fatigue. In addition, positive changes in knee joint isokinetic muscle strength and muscle power are very important physical factors for improving the wrestler's performance, and it is judged that the effect of the functional training program applied in this study is appropriately reflected. Conclusions: In summarizing the results of this study, the planning of the optimal functional training program taking into account the physical characteristics of the sport and individual athletes showed more developmental changes than the previous physical fitness training which depended on the intensity of training and the amount of training. This training method was considered to show the possibility of being fully utilized for the future improvement of elite athletes' performance.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to conceptualize and test the relationship to determine the influence sport rules acquisition has on sport consumption behaviors. Specially, this study aims to provide more practical evidence regarding the relationship between the processes associated with learning sport rules and intentions regarding future consumption. Consequently, by examining sport rules as they relate to sport fans’ behaviors, this study is to recognize the significance of sport rules and the value they have with regard to marketing practitioners who will be in the position to design more effective marketing strategies. Method: A total of 260 usable responses were collected via QUALTRICS, one of external online survey providers. Rule recognition process was comprised of four subscales and sport consumption behaviors were measured with four subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) was conducted based on the procedures. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the structural relationship among variables and the reliability(Cronbach’s alpha) of each subscale was checked. The average variance extracted(AVE) values were also evaluated, as they indicated whether each item contributes to the basic construct of the scales. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) showed the measurement of the model and structural model had reasonable fit. The structural model provides a good basis for testing the nature of each individual relationship based on the regression weights, standard error, and critical ratio. The results also showed that statistically significant differences existed between how learning of rules occurred and future consumption pathways. Conclusion: A core product of sport management is the game itself and understanding sport rules is a prerequisite to enjoy the core product. Therefore, it is suggested that the role of understanding sport rules should be considered an important factor for understanding and predicting the sport fan development process and future behaviors.Learning rules via media consumption lends to future consumption of media consumption. Regarding the learning by way of playing sport pathway, it is demonstrated to have a meaningful influence in respect to purchasing sporting goods and attending sporting events.

Purpose: Sport Tourism is a driving force for sustainable economic development of tourism destinations. The Winter Olympic Games is a catalyst for this momentum. In order to clearly sort out the impacts of the Winter Olympic Games on sport tourism of the host city, this paper employed a systematic review. This study allowed to provide some enlightenment for the development of sport tourism in the host cities of the Winter Olympic Games in the future, and proposed the corresponding reference for the continued research in this field. Method: This paper adopted systematic review, more rigorous than the traditional literature review, to explore the impacts of the Winter Olympic Games on sport tourism in host cities. Through the literature search of selected data, 369 articles in English language was retrieved and finally narrowed down to 17 articles according to the set research criteria. The information extracted from the remaining articles was used to present the types of impacts the Winter Olympics have had on sport tourism in host cities and in how it impacted. Results: Through the review and summary of the literature, current Winter Olympic Games had both positive and negative impacts on sport tourism in host cities. According to its specific manifestation, this paper classified the impact factors. Positive impacts could be summarized into three parts: improving sport tourism revenue, improving city image and promoting urban reform. Negative impacts were mainly reflected in two aspects: the excessive cost leads to excessive burden and the unsatisfied sustainable development sustainable development. Conclusions: This paper clearly stressed that the Winter Olympic Games had both positive and negative impacts on the development of sport tourism in host cities, and further analyzed the aspects in which these impacts are found. Based on research results, it proposed the enlightenment on the development planning and ecological environment in order to ensure the sustainable development of sport tourism for the upcoming Beijing Olympic Games. It is a pity that there were still some limitations in the research scope and methods, and it hoped that they can be solved in the following research.

Purpose: This study was conducted to find out how each factor of the health Qigong training fun variable of elderly females has a structural relationship to the resilience variable. Recent studies showing that among the health promotion behaviors of the elderly, participation and activation of sports activities are the most effective as an alternative to active health intervention in order to increase health life, have highlighted the importance of physical activity in old age. Method: In order to analyze the relationship between the health Qigong training fun and resilience of elderly women, a total of 140 questionnaires were conducted as final analysis data. Specifically, first, correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the intensity and direction between the fun variable and the resilience variable. Second, multiple Regression Analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between the independent variable, fun, and the dependent variable, resilience. All statistical levels were verified at p<.05. Results: As a result of the first study, the five sub-factors of the fun variable were found to be statistically significant in both the resilience sub-factor and the causal relationship. Second, it was analyzed that the sub-factors of the fun variable had an influence at the statistical significance level in the overall relationship with the resilience variable. In the standardization coefficient representing the relative contribution of the independent variable, interpersonal relations, family support, and learning relations were in the order. Conclusion: This study clarifies that the fun factors of Health Qigong performed by elderly women have a significant relationship with self-regulation ability, interpersonal relationship ability, and positivity in the life of old age. These results confirmed that oriental Qigong is a scientifically appropriate program as an elderly health program, and acts as an effective mechanism to maintain and restore the mental and physical health of the elderly women, and further improve them

Purpose: This study analyzed the effect of an application of a short-term functional training for 120 minutes a day, twice a week, for five weeks, and for total 10 times, targeting a male elite Judo Athlete attached to Daegu. Method: A functional fraining program in this study consisted of 8 types of fynamic stabilization, 9 types of cardiopulmonary endurance and muscular endurance, and 12 types of functional training focusing on muscle power considering judo game situation. The intensity of exercise varied according to the training session (HRR 80% - 100%), and total consumed exercise calories per one time were applied to be consumed 800-1000cal with apple watch. Results: After organizing and applying the functional training program optimized to the participant on this study, body composition, basic physical strength, aerobic exercise capacity, anaerobic exercise capacity and isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint and waist were measured. As a result, most of the measured list brought a positive change after applying the functional training. Conclusion: After all the results above, optimized training program plan and application, considering the features of judo itself, of the build or physical strength of the athletes participating the game, are thought to be fully considered to improve the performance of the judo athletes, although intensive training, intensive training frequency and intensive quantity of training for elite judo athletes are significant.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a Community Based Group Validation Therapy developed to promote behavioral and emotional outcomes in community-dwelling dementia patients in Korea. Method: A multi-center nonequivalent control group pretest-post test design was used to measure the effect of the program on the mental and behavioral symptoms of dementia patients. Twenty-four individuals participated in a Validation Therapy program for 10 weeks, attending 10 sessions of approximately 50 minutes each. The effects were evaluated through pre-and posttest tests that examined the level of depression, emotional status, behavioral problems, and cognitive function. Independent t tests and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to examine the effectiveness of the program. Results: A statistically significant reduction in depression was found among participants. However, no significant changes in emotional state, behavioral problems, and cognitive function were revealed. Conclusion: The validation therapy was found to reduce symptoms of depression in older adults with dementia. It can therefore be considered as a program that could improve quality of life in this population.

Purpose: The study was conducted for the purpose of analyzing the effects of self-management on sports competition anxiety for youth breaking athletes who belong to the national Taekwondo demonstration team and have participated in the defeat contest. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was conducted on 312 youth breaking athletes who have participated in the national breaking competition and analyzed the collected data. Method: In the study, a frequency analysis(Frequencies) to determine the general characteristics of the study participants and a correlation analysis(Correlation analysis) to determine the influence relationship between the variables of the measurement tool using SPSS 26.0 were conducted with the data collected through the questionnaire. In addition, Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of self-management on sports competition anxiety. All statistical significance levels were set to .05. Results: This study was conducted to verify how self-management of Taekwondo breaking athletes affects sports competition anxiety. The results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the differences in self-management and sports competition anxiety of Taekwondo-breaking athletes according to the gender of youth Taekwondo-breaking athletes, there was no statistically significant difference. Second, there was no statistically significant difference as a result of analyzing the differences in self-management and sports competition anxiety of Taekwondo-breaking athlets according to middle and high school of youth Taekwondo-breaking athletes. Third, there was no statistically significant difference as a result of analyzing the differences in self-management and sports competition anxiety of Taekwondo-breaking athletes according to the winning experience of youth Taekwondo-breaking athletes. Fourth, as a result of analyzing how the self-management of youth Taekwondo breaking athletes affects sports competition anxiety, statistically significant differences were found in some factors. Conclusion: In the study, it was found that the self-management of taekwondo breaking athletes affects sports competition anxiety in some factors. Based on the results of this study, subsequent studies require research on the relationship and influence of more diverse factors and development of self-management programs to lower competition anxiety, and attempts of qualitative research are needed.

Purpose: Recently, Korea's rapid increase in the elderly population and the prevalence of dementia have emerged as a serious social problem due to the world's fastest aging population. Moreover, as the number of dementia patients is increasing rapidly among people in their 30s and 50s, interest in early onset dementia and the burden of caregivers for dementia patients are increasing. Method: Participants in this study were 7 spouses who have been taking care of early onset dementia wives who was diagnosed with dementia before the age of 65 for more than one year. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the grounded theory method suggested by Strauss and Corbin(1998). Results: The experience of going through process of husbands caring for early-onset dementia wives proceeds through four stages of 'recognizing the change', 'denying', 'trying', and 'accepting', and the core category is 'accepting the wife's dementia. Types of accepting dementia were classified into three types: 'active coping type', 'accommodative type', and 'helpless type'. Conclusion: Through this research, the characteristics of early-onset dementia patients were understood, the theoretical basis for the caring process was established, and the importance of professional education and active promotion on early dementia was suggested for early detection and accurate diagnosis of diseases. Also, this study is expected to be a good foundation for the development of specialized programs that consider the characteristics of early onset dementia, establishment of nursing strategies and national support system.