Kinesiology

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to structurally examine and understand how the acceptance of nuclear power generation occurs via the sports cultural marketing activities for enhancing corporate image. Method: In this study, a quantitative study via a questionnaire was conducted for men and women aged 20 years or older residing in area K. In a survey conducted for 500 residents in the nuclear power plant area, a sample of 456 (91.2%) people was extracted, and the results of the survey were analyzed by using the PASW18.0 and the AMOS 18.0 statistical programs, while the hypothesis was tested at the level of statistical significance at p<.05. Results: As a result of the correlation analysis performed, the relationship between the constructs turned out to be a positive (+) correlation, and hence, the direction of the relationship between the variables presented by the research model and the research hypothesis was consistent, while the significance level also satisfied p<.05. As a result of the fit of assessment performed for the research model, IFI=.979, FMIN=.229, NFI=.973, RMSEA=.076, TLI=.986, and CFI=.979 were demonstrated. The overall fit index demonstrated in the research model was χ2(41)=104.032, p<.000. Hypothesis 1 was dismissed as the relationship between the sports cultural marketing and the acceptance of nuclear power generation of Hypothesis 1 (Estimate=.005, C.R.=.080) had no significant effect at the level of significance p<.05. Furthermore, the relationship between the sports cultural marketing and the corporate image of Hypothesis 2 (Estimate=.652, C.R.=14.299) turned out to have a significant influence at the level of significance p<.001, and hence, Hypothesis 2 was adopted. Hypothesis 3 was adopted since the relationship between the corporate image and the acceptance of nuclear power generation (Estimate=.541, C.R.=8.865) of Hypothesis 3 turned out to have a significant effect at the level of significance p<.001. Conclusion: Gathering the results above, first, the KHNP's sports cultural marketing activities did not directly influence the acceptance of nuclear power generation as a matter of causal variable. Second, the KHNP's sports cultural marketing ought to be utilized as a means for increasing the acceptance of nuclear power generation by local residents through the zero high corporate image while acting as a major activity to enhance the corporate image. Accordingly, it is evident that the sentiment induced by the KHNP's sports cultural marketing activities will operate as an important tool in shaping the general local residents' reaction towards the KHNP.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the differences in adult disease related indicators according to the presence or absence of obesity for a healthy life and prevention of the adult diseases for the middle aged women. Method: In this study, the raw data of the 8th 1st year of the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2019) was downloaded and reprocessed for use according to the purpose of study. A total of 8110 males and females participated in the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, of which 4381 females were extracted. From the data of 4381 women, 658 people in their 40s (ages 40-49) were extracted, of which 598 people were selected as the study subjects, excluding 26 underweight and 34 missing people. For the statistical processing, the mean and standard deviation of all questions were calculated by using SPSS 27.0 package. In order to compare the differences among the adult disease related indicators for the women according to obesity, t-test was conducted to compare the differences for each measurement question according to the presence or absence of obesity. The statistical significance level was based on p<.05, respectively. Results: In terms of the differences in the blood lipids related variables according to obesity, TC, TG, and LDL-C turned out to be significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal group (TC; p<.01, TC; p<0.001, LDLC; p<0.5). and HDL-C turned out to be significantly (p<.001) higher in the normal group than in the obese group. In terms of the hypertension related variables, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures turned out to be significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal group (systolic: p<.001, diastolic: p<.01), respectively. The diabetes related variables turned out to be significantly (p<.001) higher in the obese group than in the normal group in fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin concentration, respectively. Conclusion: Gathering the results above, it was evident that obesity among women in their 40s are more likely to contract adult diseases such as blood lipids, high blood pressure, and diabetes. In the future studies, it is considered that additional analysis of age, gender and related variables are necessary.

Purpose: In this study, the number of students enrolled in the practical classes is decreasing as the academic year increases due to the reduction of required courses and the expansion of major electives in order to give students voluntary class options unlike in the past for Taekwondo students. Considering that as a result, physical strength and practical skills may decrease, this study intends to compare and analyze the differences by grade level by measuring the physique and physical strength of students enrolled in the Department of Taekwondo. In addition, the results of this study are intended to be used as basic data for organizing and reorganizing the curriculum by grade level. Method: The subjects of this study were Taekwondo majors enrolled at K University in D city, 27 first graders, 26 second graders, and 26 third graders (total 79), and the characteristics of body composition and physical fitness factors were compared and analyzed. Results: As a result of body composition measurement, body fat percentage and body mass index were statistically significantly higher in second grade than in first grade. As a result of measuring the physical fitness factors, it was found that the first graders were statistically significantly higher than the third graders in the Harvard Step test, which is an evaluation item for cardiorespiratory endurance. The sound reaction time was found to be statistically significantly faster in the first year students than in the second year students. The stand-up long jump, which is a quickness evaluation item, was statistically significantly higher in first-year students than in third-year students. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is considered that the decrease in the frequency of use of the practical practice space and face-to-face classes in the university due to COVID-19 had a negative effect on the physical composition and development of physical fitness of Taekwondo students. Based on the results of this study, it is thought that it is necessary to seek ways to improve the physical strength and practical ability of Taekwondo students.

Purpose: In this study, we intend to investigate the condition of the face and body that we want to improve for customers who use manipulative therapy based on kinesiology in the beauty shop. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Body Image Recognition and its sub-factors on Appearance Management Behaviors in order to obtain basic data for vitalization of the beauty industry. Method: The subjects of this study were customers who use manipulative therapy based on kinesiology in the beauty shop, and to validate the research issue, 219 copies of online. Empirical statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 program, and chi-squared test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis methods were used. Results: The results of the analysis performed are as follows: First, the parts of the face that we want to improve by gender are as follows. Men wanted the wrinkles around the eyes to be improved, and women wanted the nasolabial folds to look younger(χ2=28.121, p<.001). As for the parts of the body that they want to be improved, they hoped for changes in the abdomen and waist at all age groups, and those in their 20s and 40s wanted the lower body and calves to be improved, and those in their 50s and older wanted beautiful improvements in the clavicle and back neck line(χ2 =22.033, p<.05). Second, women were perceived to be healthier than men(t=-2.961, p<.01), but their Self-body Image Recognition level was lower(t=3.247, p<.01). Third, Body Image Recognition was found to have a positive effect on Appearance Management Behavior(β=.381, p<.001). Specifically, it was found that the higher the level of Health Awareness(β=.207, p<.01) and Self-body Image Recognition(β=.193, p<.01), the higher the Appearance Management Behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, as each gender and age group have different desires to improve with manual therapy, it is necessary to develop a differentiated program. And these results suggest that there is a high possibility that it has a positive effect on the appearance of customers and that various levels of management behavior lead to consumption of beauty and health services.

Purpose: With the national emphasis on the high-quality development of sports industry and the cultivation of new cultural formats and consumption patterns, sports consumption of college student has become a hot topic of academic attention, and a lot of research has been carried out. In order to fully understand the research status of sports consumption of college student in China, this study conducted scientific econometric statistics on related researches in the past 20 years, aiming to analyze the hot spots and trend evolution of sports consumption of college students. Method: In this paper, 487 valid samples were obtained by searching the literature related to college student sports consumption collected by CNKI from 2001 to 2021. CiteSpace was used to conduct visualized analysis, and through the collation of knowledge map, it revealed the hot spots and trend evolution of Chinese collegiate student sports consumption. Results: The results of descriptive statistical analysis from literatures for this study showed that the time distribution characteristics of Chinese collegiate student who consume sport products could be divided into four stages: 1)steady growth stage from 2001 to 2005, 2)rapid development stage from 2006 to 2008, 3)ups and downs stage from 2009 to 2014, and 4)slow decline stage from 2015 to 2021. These literatures were mainly studied by colleges and universities, involving physical education, pedagogy, economics. The research hotspots analysis showed that the main keywords of Chinese collegiate student sports consumption were sports consumption, college students, current situation, influencing factors, sports consumption behavior, college student sports consumption, female college students, consumption consciousness, sports consumption structure and motivation. The results of emerging trend analysis showed that the research on sports consumption of collegiate student in China could be divided into four development stages: it mainly involved the definition and interpretation of sports consumption of college students, the investigation of the current situation in different regions, the analysis of influencing factors and the proposal of consumption countermeasures from 2001 to 2008. The research from 2009 to 2014 mainly included sports consumption consciousness and sports consumption behavior. From 2015 to 2019, sports and fitness consumption and sports consumption motivation were mainly discussed. After 2019, due to the short period of time and the gradual maturity of research in this field, the research mainly focused on the comprehensive discussion of sports consumption of collegiate students. Conclusions: As the data used for this study were only collected from CNKI literature, there are limitations in obtaining data which were the previous literature. In addition, due to the strict limitation of keywords in the literature search process, it may lead to the omission of sport consumption contents of college student in other articles. Therefore, it is hoped that these problems can be properly solved in the future scientometrics researches.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the fatty acid metabolism research by analyzing the expressions of body weight, blood components(TG, FFA, Glucose) and rat skeletal muscle’s LPL mRNA after 5 weeks of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids intake. Method: For this experiment, 30 rats were divided into the control group(CON), saturated fat intake group(BT) and the unsaturated fat intake group(SF) with 10 rats allocated each, and 2 rats each received a different diet inside the breeding cage. Their body weight was measured before meals and at the interval of 1 week, and after ingestion of each group's diet for 5 weeks, anesthetic was injected and slaughtered, and blood sampling was performed to analyze the blood components. Soleus muscles were extracted and were stored frozen, then analyzed using the Real Time PCR in order to analyze the expressions of the skeletal muscles LPL mRNA. For the statistical processing of the study, the mean and standard deviation of all items were calculated using the SPSS 18.00 Package, and the one-way repeated ANOVA was performed to examine and understand the changes in the blood components and LPL mRNA according to each group. The statistical significance level was set to p<.05. Results: After 5 weeks of the dietary intake, all groups demonstrated increases in their weight as the dietary intake period have elapsed. The differences in the TG concentration according to the dietary intake in blood components turned out to be significantly lower for the BT group(p<0.05) and the SF group(p<0.001) than for the CON group, and also for SF group compared to the BT group in terms of the TG concentration being significantly higher. There turned out to be no significant difference for the FFA concentration, and the difference in the glucose concentration turned out to be significantly higher for the SF group than for the BT group. As for the LPL mRNA expressions, there turned out to be no significant difference between the groups in terms of the difference in GAPDH mRNA expression according to the dietary intake, and the difference in the LPL mRNA expressions for the BT group(p<0.001) and the SF group(p <0.01), the LPL mRNA expression turned out to be significantly higher. Conclusion: As a result of gathering the study results, the unsaturated fat intake rather than the saturated fat intake brought about the effective improvement of the triglyceride concentration and the increases in the LPL mRNA expression when structuring the dietary intake for the prevention of adult diseases related to obesity and arteriosclerosis, it is thought that the lipolysis is facilitated.

Purpose: By examining the causal relationship of the e-sports club title sponsorship's brand asset on the customer’s attitude, loyalty, and intention of use, this study seeks to provide the basic data for the revitalization between corporate sponsors and the e-sports industry and their corporate marketing strategies. Method: In this study, SPSS 26.0, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed with a focus on a total of 481 copies of questionnaires. Results: First, it turned out the generations M through Z enjoy e-sports according to demographic characteristics, and as the female population is growing, a strategy to enhance the brand image of the companies targeting those in their 20s and 30s is necessary. Second, as a result of examining the effect on brand asset and customer's attitude, it has had a significant effect in the sequence of brand awareness and brand image. Third, as a result of examining the effect on brand assets and customer loyalty, it turned out in the sequence of brand image and brand awareness. Fourth, as a result of examining the effects on brand asset and the consumer’s intention of use, it turned out that brand image and brand awareness have had a significant effect in their sequence. Fifth, the company's customer's attitude turned out to have a significant effect on customer’s intention of use. Sixth, the company's customer's loyalty turned out to have a significant effect on the customer’s intention of use. Conclusion: Examining such results, the title sponsorship of e-sports club made by a company is a very effective cooperative activity since it can enhance all of the company's brand assets, customer's attitude, customer's loyalty, and consumer’s intention of use. It is hoped that there will be more such cooperative activities in the future to help promote the development of both the companies and e-sports of China.

Purpose: Weight training is a training method that can effectively increase muscle strength and anaerobic exercise capacity. The muscles of the lower extremities, which have been trained through lower body exercises, are a particularly important group of muscles for daily physical and sporting activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference squat loading of the lower extremity joints movement pattern between trained versus un-trained individuals. Method: A total of 20 physically healthy individuals 10 trained subjects(age: 28.71±2.41 yrs, height: 178.92± 4.25 cm, weight: 81.72±4.98 kg) and 10 un-trained subjects(age: 29.42±3.67 yrs, height: 176.62±3.8 cm, weight: 80.2±5.11 kg) participated in this study. The un-trained subjects who had not performed regular resistance exercise for at least the past 1 year, and had no experience performing squat movements were selected. The trained group was selected as subjects who had regularly performed resistance strength training for at least 3 years. The three-dimensional motion analysis system, force plate and an wireless electromyography system were synchronized and used for measurement. Results: The results of this study showed that there was difference between the trained group and the un-trained group and the trained group showed the pattern of knee varus and un-trained group showed the valgus angle(Knee valgus) displacement. Also, Statistically significant differences appeared in knee forward movement and the trained group(5cm) showed less than the un-trained group(11cm). In the case of MLSI(Medial-Lateral Stability Index), the untrained group showed a higher stability index than the trained group. It was found that the stability index of the trained and untrained groups increased as the body weight increased. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various squat loads on lower extremity movement patterns and stability index during squat exercise between trained and untrained individuals. The subjects of the study were 10 trainees who regularly squat for 3 years and 10 non-trainers who practiced squats irregularly throughout their lives. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the untrained group had greater knee forward movement and a smaller hip flexion angle than the trained group. In the stability index, it was confirmed that the untrained group showed a higher stability index than the trained group. In future studies, it is considered necessary to study the improvement of squat motion in untrained individuals. It is important to check for changes in movement patterns after training.

Purpose: This study is to analyze the judgment perception of the figure skating instructor, to secure trust between the judge and the director, and to provide basic data for the development plan of the figure skating event. The subject was a survey of 45 professional figure skating instructors registered as directors in the Korea Skating Federation. Method: This analysis of the perception of figure skating instructors' judgments based on gender was conducted using t-test. One-way ANOVA was carried out to identify the judge's perception according to the director's age, coaching period, coaching experience, and director level. Results: First, regarding gender, male directors were found to be more positively perceived than female directors, but the difference was not statistically significant. Second, regarding age, the scores of directors over 50 was the lowest. Third, regarding the guidance period, it was found that directors with more than 10 years of guidance received the most negative perception. Fourth, there was a statistically significant difference in the director's perception according to the coaching experience. There was a difference in the perception of fairness, reliability, and accuracy of the judge, which is a sub-factor, and the perception of judge decision was more negative for professional directors with experience in coaching national athletes than for directors with experience in coaching general sports. Fifth, there was a difference in the perception according to the level of the director. Especially the perception was the most negative for class 7-8 directors. Conclusion: As a result, it is considered that studies are needed to increase the objectivity of the judges in scoring, which depends on their subjective evaluation.

Purpose: The core purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate the performance of Asian countries participating in the 2018 FIFA World Cup using social network analysis. Method: The subject of study included 5 Asian countries participated in the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, using pass data for each position based on official data provided by FIFA. The processed data are made into symmetric matrices and the research perform a centrality analysis using Ucinet6, a social network program. Results: The results of the study are as follows. First, when the pass success rate was more than 80%, the ball possession rate was more than 50%, and the actual ball possession time was also confirmed to have 30 minutes. Second, the centrality analysis confirmed that players with high degree centrality also have a high closeness centrality, which can be information that can objectively evaluate major attack directions and key players. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as an objective indicator to identify key players and evaluate their performance through passes by players in team sports events. However, due to the nature of the World Cup games, it is difficult to secure a lot of match data by country, and it is a pity that players who have not participated in the games due to injury cannot be evaluated. Based on the results shown in this research, we hope that it will be used as a new evaluation method to identify key players and objectively analyze each country's game patterns in order to advance to the 2022 Qatar World Cup finals, and it can be used as an analysis method that can objectively evaluate not only soccer games but also other team sports games through social network analysis.