International Journal of Human & Disaster

Purpose: Multi-use facilities frequently used by unspecified people can cause a lot of casualties if a crisis occurs, so prepare and train manuals for crisis situations from peacetime. Based on three years of multi-use facility crisis preparation and training consulting experience commissioned by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, this study aims to provide development plans and policy suggestions on how to prepare and train multi-use facility manuals to operate in crisis situations. Method: To achieve the purpose of the research, the conceptual research on multi-use facility manuals and government policies were first analyzed through literature surveys, case studies on major accidents in multi-use facilities were derived through various papers and research reports, and the actual situation was analyzed based on the consulting experience of multi-use facility. Through this, it was studied by presenting development projects and policy suggestions to prepare multi-use facility manuals that can operate in crisis situations. Results: Multi-use facilities will need to analyze vulnerabilities and identify crisis types in preparation for crisis situations, organize and dress up crisis response organizations, secure and operate communication networks to control crisis situations, and re-establish training. It should also reflect guidelines on securing a command and communication network in the Ministry of Public Administration and Security's standard manual, preparing for crises linked to multi-use facilities, and long-term development plans(including securing budgets) to compensate for vulnerabilities against crises. Conclusion: The Ministry of Public Administration and Security is preparing a manual to prepare for a crisis, even though many multi-use facilities at the site need to apply it according to the facility characteristics to prepare for the crisis. Development tasks and policy suggestions presented in this study should be utilized to prepare for crisis situations by preparing manuals for crisis situations at ordinary times.

Purpose: The quality of beauty service which directly influences the survival and growth of the industries is a crucial issue. Therefore, in this study, the effect on the customer satisfaction is examined by using the newly developed dimension of beauty service quality, and the effect of service quality on each group by mediating the customer satisfaction between the customer loyalty. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for attracting customers and creating profits for and in the beauty service industry through the service quality, customer loyalty, and the customer satisfaction. Method: In this study, he customers using the beauty service companies were selected, and samples for each region were allocated and a total of 300 copies of the questionnaires were distributed and recovered, among which, a sample of 239 companies were tested with hypothesis. The questionnaire survey was conducted from September 1, 2020 until December 31, 2020. Results: Hypothesis 1 which provides that the service quality has a significantly positive(+) effect on the customer satisfaction was partially adopted. Among the 4 sub-factors of the service quality, interaction service quality, waiting service quality, and outcome service quality have had a statistically significantly positive effect, and the environment service quality has had a significant effect on the customer satisfaction, yet was dismissed as it turned out to have a negative(-) effect. Hypothesis 2 which provides that the service quality positively mediates the customer satisfaction between the customer loyalty turned out to have a partially mediating effect. Among the 4 sub-factors of the service quality, interaction service quality, waiting service quality, and outcome service quality among interaction service quality, waiting service quality, environment service quality, and outcome service quality turned out that the customer satisfaction between the customer loyalty has a statistically significantly positive(+) effect as to have a mediating effect, and environment service quality turned out to have a significantly negative(-) mediating effect on the customer satisfaction between the customer loyalty, but was dismissed. Conclusion: As for the results of this study, it was confirmed that interaction service quality, waiting service quality, and outcome service quality were significantly important variables for the beauty service quality. Furthermore, customer satisfaction is very important, and it is determined that the customer loyalty also operates positively if service workers are satisfied. However, since the beauty service provides both the tangible and intangible services simultaneously, the values perceived by the users of services, that is, the users' tendencies, emotions, time leeway, and their expectations may vary from each other. Accordingly, special efforts made by the service providers are required to meet the service quality which the users of service seek. Hence, this study emphasizes that it is important to find venues to improve the service quality for the beauty services, which are highly dependent on the human services, and based on which, the satisfaction of service users was empirically reflected, and it is meaningful that it was proven as a result.

Purpose: Recently, sports marketing has been recognized in Korea as an efficient means for strengthening the brand assets for companies, and efforts are increasingly made to develop games and licensed products as a venue to maximize them. For the sports consumers, purchasing licensed products for a sports team may be a way of strengthening a mental bond with the team they support, and it is a kind of consumption behavior for the sports fans to visit the stadium and watch games in person. The purchase of licensed products from which the fans may bring profits to the club may also be said to be a consumption behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to articulate and specify the effect of professional sports’ quality of service on the identification of team and the brand loyalty in the professional sports market, which is experiencing difficulties such as reductions in the number of games and reductions in the number of spectators due to the COVID-19, thereby presenting a strategic plan to promote the purchase and sales of licensed products. Method: In this study, as of 2021, among the professional sports spectators, those experienced in purchasing sports licensed products were targeted and gathered as the population, while the sampling method for 450 people was the convenience sampling, and the self-administration method. The questionnaires of 367 people were used as valid samples, excluding the data in which responses were insincere or any part of the survey contents were omitted. The data processing for this study was conducted but performing the frequency analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient calculation, factor analysis, and the correlation analysis by using the SPSS 25.0 Program, a statistical package program. The multiple regression was also used. Results: The quality of service, identification of team, and the brand loyalty were consisted of 3, 1, and 1 factors, each respectively, and as for the reliability, the result quality factor turned out to be 3α=.882, environmental quality factor α=.785, interaction quality factor α=. 732, identification of team factor α=.901, and the brand loyalty factor turned out to be α=.912. Furthermore, as a result of performing the correlation analysis, it turned out that there was a positive(+) relationship between all of the factors. In the effect of quality of service on the identification of team and the brand loyalty, it turned out that the result quality factor, environmental quality factor, and the interaction factor of quality of service have the effect on the brand loyalty factor of the brand loyalty and the brand loyalty factor of the brand loyalty. Conclusion: The quality of service turned out to have an effect on the identification of team and the brand loyalty. The quality of service in principle is excellent performance in game, and to provide fans with such excellent performance, the development of excellent players is a priority. Therefore, teams seek to build a system for fostering excellent players and provide a springboard for improving their performance. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop licensed products by using the images of players and diversify products incorporating new technologies. Beyond which, it will be helpful to increase sales online and offline and offer various discounts and events to make the experience of purchasing products easier.

Purpose: With the economic crisis and recession caused by COVID-19, people from all over the world are facing insecurity of employment and losing hope for the future. Consequently, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of hope scale on the makeup psychology and psychological well-being among female college students in such a crisis. Method: A questionnaire method was selected in this study to survey female college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Provinces. The questionnaire consisted of demographic variables, hope scale, psychological well-being, and makeup psychology. Frequency, percentile, and average were analyzed to understand the demographic characteristics of the study subjects, and the causal relationship among hope scale, psychological well-being, and makeup psychology was examined through single regression analysis. Results: In terms of the effects of hope scale on makeup psychology, only planning power was found to have a statistically significant effect on etiquette and social life, only determination on self-expression and pursuit of beauty, and both determination and planning power on satisfaction and attractiveness. Similarly, for the effects of hope scale on psychological well-being, both determination and planning power were found to have a statistically significant effect on personal growth and self-acceptance and only determination on positive interpersonal relationship. Conclusion: The psychology behind wearing makeup plays an important role in one’s etiquette and social life, while serving the role of expressing and satisfying oneself. Psychological well-being seems to be affected by the existence of hope; when people with a significant level of psychologically well-being have hope, they can overcome disasters and have the willingness to express self through makeup.

Purpose: Following the COVID-19 crisis, the solidarity among people in our society has discontinued and activity restrictions have increased, and as a result, mental stress has risen significantly. Such a global pandemic crisis has prolonged despite numerous efforts have been made at the national level to address it. Therefore, along with the national crisis management, the need for a professional education program for enhancing the mental health of individuals has been called for. Accordingly, in this paper, as a method of the consciousness training for overcoming the pandemic, an education program was designed and executed to increase the intrapersonal intelligence, thereby demonstrating the effect of the education. Method: As a program to enhance the intrapersonal intelligence, pre-class was operated to minimize face-to-face classes for the short term in consideration of the pandemic situation. Towards this end, a program was designed with the teaching and learning structure of Flipped Learning to maximize the effect and efficiency of education. The program’s curriculum was developed into 10 sessions for adult learners, and a social media platform was utilized to operate the pre-class. Furthermore, the NLP coaching tool was used as a main teaching method for the program. In addition, to examine and validate the effect of the program, the corresponding sample t-test was conducted, while the educational effect was measured via the pre- and post-comparative validation between the experimental group and the control group. Results: As a result of executing the intrapersonal intelligence improvement program and conducting the pre- and post-tests, there was a significant difference in the scores for the entire intrapersonal intelligence test. The positive result of this program is analyzed to be a result of the systematic teaching design. Along with which, it may be interpreted as a result of enhancing the understanding of the self-reflection, immersion for learning, and the motivation for learning by undertaking the Flipped Learning based class strategies satisfying the needs of the 21st century learners. Conclusion: Moving forward, disasters and crises following the changes in the climate environment and industrial advancements are expected to continue in our society. Accordingly, a professional emotional management program which can help learners cope with the crisis situation should be in place. Moreover, the teaching and learning method and the operating system in a contactless situation should evolve as well. In this point of view, unlike the existing studies, this study has achieved distinction by reflecting educational elements satisfying the needs of the times and performing innovative teaching methods.

Purpose: In the event of a disaster, the work of local governments should continue not only to respond to disasters but also to normal work. Therefore, what should be prioritized during normal administrative work, the scale of manpower and resources, priority work in the event of a disaster, and how to effectively use manpower and facilities are important planning elements to be conceived by local governments. This study examines strategies for local governments to continue administrative work in the event of a disaster in a large city. Method: The Administrative Business Continuity Plan(BCP) considers what the administration should do and what to do with the premise of administrative damage and restrictions due to disasters such as manpower and facilities. It is necessary to review the actual activities and conditions for all employees taking into account the information, facilities, facilities, and related organizations necessary to perform a given task in the event of a disaster. This study presented the perspective of BCP as administrative damage, core tasks according to priorities, and specificity of task performance. In addition, it analyzes the administrative BCP in case of an earthquake, taking the case of Tokyo and Osaka, the major cities of Japan. Results: To summarize the characteristics of the administrative BCPs of Tokyo and Osaka Prefecture, they considered what they should do and what they can do while preparing a countermeasure for the upcoming disaster. It is also significant that it was not only aimed at putting such concerns into a plan but also considered a plan that can be put into practice in everyday life. It was made clear that disaster response was not the responsibility of some ministries by collectively sharing the work to be done by departments in the government office Conclusion: First, it is necessary to devise a plan that does not disrupt business performance in consideration of administrative damage. Second, after selecting the core tasks according to the priorities, it is necessary to consider a plan that can be practiced in normal times by cultivating disaster prevention awareness through training or training. Third, agreements should be made in advance not only with all departments in the government building, but also with other local governments in some cases, minimizing the confusion caused by the inflow of external resources in the event of a disaster, and receiving effective support.

Purpose: The reality is that ethnic conflicts exist in a multi-ethnic society. After the Cold War, the issue of ethnic identity and discrimination, which had been suppressed under the socialist system, was rapidly highlighted, and national division began. However, from the perspective of a dominant nation seeking international status as a powerful nation, the separation of ethnic minorities is considered a crisis of national dissolution, so it tries to thoroughly prevent the separation of minorities. In this process, terrorism occurs and government control and pressure become intense. This phenomenon is considered in this paper. Method: Under the socialist system, the Soviet Union and China have controlled multi-ethnic societies with ideology. However, after the Cold War, an independent state began to be established as a wave of separatist nationalism spread in Eastern Europe, including Russia. China has implemented a strengthened "one China policy" to nip this phenomenon in the bud at home. In particular, it sought to undermine separatist nationalism against the Uyghurs and Tibetans. We examine China's strategy for ethnic minorities and Uyghur's resistance from a historical perspective. Results: Xinjiang is a geopolitical important area. The Chinese government wants to defend against potential Western threats by controlling the region. Some extremist groups of ethnic minorities are also implementing multidimensional policies to fundamentally block armed struggles and attempts to carry out terrorism for secession. The politics of suppression of minorities will continue for the time being because it is not easy to dismantle the cultural and religious identity of minorities. Conclusion: It is a matter that cannot be coerced into assimilating minorities by a dominant ethnic group. If there is no prerequisite for recognizing ethnic differences and policies for national reconciliation, a coercive system will only produce conflict. To ensure that terrorism is not a means of expressing resistance to discrimination, imperial political behavior must be abandoned.

Purpose: In this study, national disasters are defined as the occurrence of cascading disasters taking into account the temporal and seasonal situations, including social crisis conditions such as financial crisis, etc. and large-scale natural and social disasters that occurred in Korea in the past. Method: In order to establish national disaster situations, representative disasters and crisis situations that occurred in Korea were summarized, and national disaster situation scenarios were proposed according to time and situation. The damage caused by the establishment of national disaster situations is expected to be unpredictable. In particular, in the case of an economic crisis such as the IMF, the financial condition of the country is poor, so if cascading disasters occur and the disaster situation lasts for a long time, the government’s ability to support may be remarkably difficult. Results: Preparing for such a national disaster is to be able to effectively cope with similar disasters, and the organization of the National Disaster Countermeasure Headquarters was proposed to respond to national disasters. In order to respond efficiently and promptly to national disaster situations, the President should be the head of the headquarters, the National Assembly and the Ministry of Strategy and Finance should be composed of support groups, and the central government organization of 17 departments, 5 offices, 17 government offices, and the head of 17 municipal governments need to be operated as a working organization of the national disaster countermeasure headquarters. Conclusion: In this study, a situation in which the worst disasters occur continuously and in the long term was established, and the situation of national catastrophe was presented as an example. It is absolutely necessary to prepare for such a worst-case situation, and as climate change, social economy become more complex and diversified, and uncertainty about risks increases, it is believed to be helpful to strengthen national response capabilities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the current status of the creation and management of healing forests in Korea to derive the improvement plan. Methods: Based on the hypothesis that there will be differences in the creation and management of each operator, 10 items including annual status, regional status, location standard, size, facility status, number of visitors, number of program users, management entity, construction cost, and operation status were investigated and analyzed. Results: The number of healing forests has been steadily increasing, and the area of composition has been found to be large. By region, Jeolla-do has the largest number of places, 7 places (25%), Gyeonggi-do (30%) has the largest area of composition, and the average area of composition is more than twice as large as the national public. In the forest species of healing by location criteria, coniferous forests were preferred, and trees of age class IV had higher frequency and area. There is no difference in the accessibility of each operator to healing forests by size and facilities, and there were many healing forest paths as forest healing facilities. The average number of program users and average visitors per year has been decreasing since 2015. According to the status of each management entity, the Western Regional Forest Service manages the most with a total of nine national and seven public places, while the Eastern Regional Forest Service manages two places. The average creation cost of the healing forest is KRW 4.5 billion/place for the national healing forest, KRW 6.4 billion/place for the public healing forest, and in the case of the average creation cost per area, KRW 0.6 billion/ha for the national healing forest and KRW 0.9 billion/ha for the public healing forest, and the national healing forest is lower. In the case of operation status, the usage fees are in the order of public, national, and private, and the National Forest Service is operated by the Korea Forest Welfare Institute under the Korea Forest Service. Conclusion: ‘Based on the improvement plan for healing forest creation and management, the evaluation items for healing forest creation and operation to introduce a certification system for healing forests should be presented, research on revitalization measures should be conducted, and many people should benefit from forest welfare services.

Purpose: This paper focuses on the microscopical and qualitative evolution of the mode of capital accumulation by the capitalist system based on market expansion. It will discuss how ‘the changed’ conditions surrounding humans in 21st century capitalism are fundamentally inconsistent with the essentially ‘unchanging’ needs for human safety, and ultimately how this is regressing the discussion of human nature. To this end, this paper attempts to examine the following questions: First, who enjoy the right to security that is in touch with the essential human needs, or who are the main exposure to danger? Second,how does the inequality of wealth lead to the inequality of risk? Method: To investigate the above research questions this study focuses on the number of industrial accident deaths in Korea, which is more than twice the number of deaths from Corona 19, and analyzes who are more at risk. To this end, the Ministry of Employment and Labor's industrial accident statistics were used to analyze which workers are more exposed to risk.Based on this objective data showing the level of inequality of risk, this study tries to interpret qualitatively the fundamental reasons for it from the critical perspective of capitalistic accumulation. Results: The need for safety is an essential trait for all human beings, but it is always changed and refracted according to social and class conditions. That is, the reality proves very well that safety is commercialized and that members of society are in an unfavorable situation with regard to risk. Risk inequality is multiply structured between developed and developing countries, primary and subcontracted firms, and regular and nonregular workers. Developed countries and subcontractors are trying to pay safety costs at a lower price through outsourcing of risks rather than internal investment in safety, and in the end, it is workers engaged in unstable labor that bear this outsourcing risk. Conclusion: The intrinsic need for safety is the same for everyone and therefore for all workers.However, if safety is not distributed fairly and only 'some people' can be exposed to danger, workers who can purchase safety based on a stable material base will want to avoid the risk as far as possible. The veto power to avoid exposure to risk in a commodified capitalist system of safety can only be exercised on a stable material basis. On the other hand, unstable workers with weak material bases have low bargaining power to reject risks and instead have high dependence on market income. Therefore, in order to secure safety, market income must be earned even at the expense of safety rather than the ability to pay the price of safety.