International journal of crisis & safety

This study was performed in order to practically help children and provide basic data for developing program for effective preventive education against safety accidents by seeking strategy that can prevent accident through checking with current condition of safety accidents of children of our country. Safety accidents are the important factors for globally causing deaths and disorders of children and juveniles [and safety accidents in our country lately become serious problems that threaten the right to life of children. 1,200 children of our country annually die of traffic accident and about 2,954,00 children visit hospitals for treat-ment due to accidents and loss incurred by safety accident amounts 2 trillion Won. In United States, 20,600,000 children meet with accidents each year, and loss is assumed to be 3,470,000,000 dollars of cost consumed every year coming from safety accidents of children. In this light, children’s safety accident is a serious problem that threaten children’s health and existence and is a task of policy that should be paid attention to for protecting children’s right, and in addition, as social loss of cost as well as unhappiness of individual child and family is bigger than that of adults, priority order needs to be put for prevention of accident. First ranker of cause of child’s death under 14 is accident which occupies 29% of total cause of death, and especially children of 5-10 years pertaining to elementary school children showed higher ratio of deaths of safety accident that that under 5 years. In addition, number of child victims under 14 years dying of safety accidents is decreasing, but number of children who get injured or wounded appears to be increasing every year, which imminently needs way of countermeas-ures for preventing children’s safety accidents. Human factor related to arising of children’s accident are classi-fied into variable factors of demographic background, that is, age, gender, condition of family, economic level[10] and individual variable factors including psychological factors like characteristic of personal character, psycho-logical condition or social relationship and educational factors like shortage of knowledge on accidents or ne-glectful behavior and factors(age, academic career, parents’ knowledge on safety, practice of safety, etc.) from parents who take care of children . According to data collected from Consumer Injury Surveillance System(CISS) of Woori Won, number of chil-dren’s safety accidents under 14 years 20,732 in 2011, 22,907 in 2012 and 24, 312 in 2013, which shows contin-uous increase every year and the ratio that occupies more than 1 third of total danger information. In order to prevent various kinds of safety accidents threatening our lives and to affirmatively fixate culture of safety and health for our society, all people should be equipped with correct attitude toward safety, and espe-cially, habituating and acting out are very important through systematically educating basic knowledge and val-ues and attitudes. Therefore, related factors for accident occurrence should be removed with prior prediction of possible occurrence of accident, and condition should be minimized from deterioration at occurrence of accident.

Interaction with security service under economic growth had begun with human history. The police in ancient Greece represented all activities of Polis, and the police authority in medieval police state included state power over every aspect of administration: diplomacy, the military, finance, jurisdiction, etc. Also the police is defined as the activity of state with purpose of realizing national purpose. However, the police in modern society is adjusting itself to periodical change, focusing on law enforcement and maintenance of public order. Other domains are being classified as private security service by burden on a beneficiary. However, according to developmental theory of civilian security based on Economic reduction theory, increase in demand for public order caused by increased crime rate upon economic growth and social polarization revealed limit of public power. This research, thus, suggests future direction by observing private security service under economic growth of China, and comparing it to Republic of Korea. The result of the research are following: First, legal basis of private security services in China is unclear. Second, private security services in China are monopolistically managed by Chinese police department. Third, private security services in China are focused on personnel escort, having narrow work scope. In contrast, Republic of Korea, once one of the poorest country in the world until 1960s due to the Korean War, has the world best private security service technology in conjunction with IT technology. By 2015, business field of private security service in Republic of Korea is widely distributed: 4186 facility security, 541 personnel protection, 139 machine security, 137 special security, 38 escort security, etc. Looking at economic scale published by IMF, on the other hands, with its GDP of $113,830, which is 8.62 times that of Republic of Korea, China has relatively limited number of private security service (5031 services by 2014), foreshowing rapid increase of private security service in China. Therefore, for China, in order to secure people's safety from increased crime rate resulted from rapid economic growth like Republic of Korea, not only the exclusive charge of police authority, an open-door policy in which security loophole can be entrusted to private companies through technical partnership with neigboring countries will be necessary.

This study answers the question of “How can we better cope with the crisis in economic justice?” by applying Amartya Sen’s capability approach. The main theme in Sen’s work is the importance of developing human capa-bility. He focused his attention more on people and less on goods. What was important is what people were able to do rather than what people could buy with their income. Economics should be about developing the “capabil-ities” of people by increasing the options available to them. In Sen’s theoretical world, functioning is an achievement, whereas a capability is the ability to achieve. So functionings are more directly related to living conditions, since they are different aspects of living conditions. Capabilities, in contrast, are notions of freedom, in the positive sense: what real opportunities you have regarding the life you may lead. This capability perspective enhances the understanding of the nature and causes of poverty and deprivation by shifting our attention from means to ends that people have reason to pursue, and to the freedoms to be able to satisfy these ends. This leads us to a new definition of development: provision of more positive freedoms to people. Capability refers to the alternative combinations of functionings from which a person can choose, and thus the notion of capability is essentially one of freedom – the range of options a person has in deciding what kind of a life to lead. In other words, capabilities are notions of freedom: what real opportunities you have regarding the life you may lead. If provided with sufficient social opportunities, individuals can effectively shape their own life and help each other. People need not and should not be seen as mere passive recipients of the benefits of development pro-grams. In capability approach, there is a strong rationale for recognizing the positive role of free and sustainable agency. So from the capability approach, the goal of education is much broader than just developing the skills that can help to enhance economic growth. Education matters in terms of the processes of critical reflection and also with respect to the connection with others that are intrinsically ethical. And most of all, capability approach maintains that education is important not because of the utility it produces now, but because of the different kind of person that one becomes when one is educated.