Regulations

Purpose: This study positions the enactment of the Lifelong Education Act for Persons with Disabilities (Act No. 21076), scheduled to take effect in 2027, as a critical policy window and aims to identify concrete strategies for linking relevant policies to achieve the Act’s stated goals of promoting independent living and enhancing social participation among persons with disabilities. In particular, this study proposes a policy framework that leverages existing lifelong education infrastructure to institutionalize training that strengthens the active self-reliance competencies required for tourism participation. This approach aims to enhance the quality of life of persons with disabilities and promote their substantive social inclusion. Method: This study employed literature review and policy analysis as its primary methodological approaches. It conducted an in-depth examination of the major provisions of the Lifelong Education Act for Persons with Disabilities, scheduled for implementation in 2027, as well as the developmental trajectory of the existing Lifelong Education Act. In addition, by synthesizing prior research on lifelong education needs by disability type (physical, developmental, and mental disabilities) and on advancement tasks identified by special education experts, the study assessed the limitations of current tourism welfare policies and derived legally grounded and practically actionable policy implementation strategies. Results: Existing disability tourism welfare policies have largely focused on improving physical accessibility, with limited educational support and a shortage of professionals to build active travel competencies such as planning and crisis management. Lifelong education needs also differ by disability type—employment-focused training (physical disabilities), independent living support (developmental disabilities), and specialized institutions (mental disabilities)—highlighting the need for tailored, integrated program development. Conclusion: This study recommends establishing a regular policy coordination body among the ministry of education, the ministry of culture, sports and tourism, and the ministry of health and welfare to strengthen the implementation of the lifelong education act for persons with disabilities and advance tourism welfare. It further proposes requiring lifelong educator training to include modules on tourism-related self-reliance and safety, and mandates that lifelong learning centers for persons with disabilities provide experiential self-reliance tourism programs linked to local destinations. These measures will help ensure that lifelong education outcomes lead to greater social participation and improved quality of life for persons with disabilities.

Purpose: In Korea, semi-permanent makeup has become a key sector in the beauty industry, recognized as a form of makeup that complements the limitations of traditional tattooing. Demand for semi-permanent makeup services is expected to increase further as the medical beauty market and its application expand to a wider range of age groups. For a long time, the Korean semi-permanent makeup and tattoo-related service industries remained in a legal limbo due to insufficient institutional and legal regulations. However, with the recent passage of the Tattoo Act by the National Assembly, tattooing and semi-permanent makeup procedures are expected to be formally legislated and regulated within the next two years. Semi-permanent makeup is characterized by its delicate and invasive nature, and its institutionalization is leading to an increasing demand for certification and retraining. Therefore, systematic training and evaluation are essential. Against this backdrop, the development of a standardized and systematic training program to cultivate professional semi-permanent makeup practitioners is a critical and urgent task. Method: The NCS-based educational program for semi-permanent makeup proposed in this study was designed based on practical field requirements and was systematically researched and structured to establish its conceptual framework, development domains, and development components. First, a literature review was conducted on 81 master’s theses, 14 doctoral dissertations, and relevant monographs related to semi-permanent makeup. In addition, the concept of the National Competency Standards (NCS), NCS competency units and elements in the beauty field, and the learning module system were examined. Second, to develop the competency unit elements of an NCS-based educational program for semi-permanent makeup, a Delphi survey was conducted in three rounds with 20 field experts who possessed between 3 and over 20 years of professional experience in semi-permanent makeup. Results: Through the third round of the Delphi survey, 18 NCS competency units and 59 competency unit elements were derived to facilitate application to learning modules. These competency units included an overview and definition of semi-permanent makeup, skin and scalp, hygiene management, infection control and disinfection, pre- and post-procedure management, history and trends of makeup, basic makeup drawing, semi-permanent makeup design, color theory, pigments, equipment, equipment-based design techniques, field application, corrective methods for improper procedures, use of pain relief agents, customer management, business management, and educational feedback. Conclusion: In a field where prior research on semi-permanent makeup remains limited, this study—developed through the systematic elicitation of expert opinions—is expected to serve as foundational data for training professional semi-permanent makeup practitioners and for the advancement of the beauty industry.

Purpose: This study examines criminal legal issues regarding sports-related crimes such as sports manipulation, illegal gambling, doping, sexual assault, and other harsh acts, assaults, and injuries in the sports world. Sports-related crimes have long been pointed out as a disease of our society, and many efforts have been made to suggest causes and solutions, but it is not enough and system improvement is required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look at the types of sports, the classification of sports-related crimes, the characteristics of crimes occur-ring in each type of sports, and seek solutions. Through this, the goal is to prevent crime damage in the reality of Korean sports, study the possibility of recovering victims' rights, and suggest effective measures to respect victims' human rights and restore their rights. Method: Sports-related crimes have been studied extensively in the United States, where sports are active. In the United States, the legal basis for collective liability under Anglo-American negligence law is being examined through cases of sports-related abuse and sexual violence, and collective liability for incidents and accidents occurring at sports venues is being sought. Recent reports of sports-related abuse and sexual violence cases in the United States have shown that simply holding individual perpetrators legally responsible is unlikely to be effective in providing adequate compensation for the damages and preventing similar incidents in the future, considering the scale and frequency of the dam-age. The importance of group responsibility that can create more comprehensive compensation and a fundamental deterrent effect has been highlighted, and research is currently underway. Most domestic sports-related studies only seek to impose criminal liability on individual cases. Therefore, this study aims to categorize overall sports-related crimes, suggest solutions, and so on. Results: Manipulation of fans, illegal gambling, sexual assault and other harsh acts, doping, assault and injury, fraud, etc. have been pointed out as social ills in our society for a long time, and many efforts have been made to suggest causes and solutions, but problems are still being exposed. The purpose of this study is to classify the types of sports and sports-related crimes, and to seek out the characteristics of crimes occurring in each type of sport and solutions. The necessity of this study is to study the possibility of preventing crime damage and restoring victims' rights in the reality of Korean sports and to suggest effective methods of restoring victims' rights. Conclusion: This study analyzed sports-related crimes by type from a criminal law perspective. In sports games that are supposed to be fair, sports world-wide manipulation, sexual assault, and other harsh acts, doping, illegal sports gambling, and fraud are unethical and illegal acts that must be eradicated.

Purpose: This study investigates how cooperative governance between local governments and vocationally oriented community colleges can counteract rural depopulation by attracting foreign students and migrant workers, reorganizing industry-linked majors, and integrating life-cycle social overhead capital (SOC) investments. It seeks to clarify the mechanisms through which such collaboration promotes population inflow, regional innovation, and local economic sustainability. Method: Eleven experts in low-birth-rate policy, social welfare, higher-education admission, and local-industry promotion—each with at least seven years of field experience—were interviewed between 1 August and 30 October 2024. Their written, open-ended responses were coded inductively following Mertens’ qualitative category-building procedure, producing five validated thematic clusters: inter-institutional relationships, university roles, foreign-resident policy, living-infrastructure strategy, and childbirth-response cooperation. Results: Stakeholder collaboration enabled specialized-major restructuring, lifelong-learning platforms, and strengthened industry–university ties, thereby creating high-quality jobs and slowing youth out-migration. Integrated “foreign-resident packages” (housing, visa, language, and employment support) and a life-cycle SOC model (jobs → housing → childcare/health → culture) significantly raised settlement intention, labor-force stability, and even marriage and fertility expectations among young adults. These outcomes confirm the complementary effects predicted by Triple Helix, human-capital, social-capital, and push-pull migration theories. Conclusion: Local government–community-college partnerships emerge as an essential strategy for mitigating rural decline, simultaneously fostering human-capital accumulation and multicultural revitalization. Institutionalizing a performance-sharing RISE framework, expanding resident-friendly SOC, and extending quantitative longitudinal analyses are recommended to sustain and scale these benefits nationwide.

Purpose: Given that the core of the Saemaul Movement is a conscious movement based on the local community, it can be said that local autonomy also solves their own problems through governance (cooperation or cooperation) through the spirit of independence that handles local affairs by itself based on the local community. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between local autonomy and Saemaul Movement and examines practical measures to realize Saemaul Movement in local autonomy. Method: For this study, a study was conducted using a literature research method based on secondary data such as academic papers, public institution reports, thesis, and government statistics related to this study. As a qualitative research method, such literature research is appropriate as an exploratory study to understand the relationship between local autonomy and Saemaul Movement. Results: Saemaul Movement selection of projects by democratic procedures by consensus of residents at the village-level general meeting is a factor of residents’ autonomy, and the fact that it has been implemented at the village level, the basic unit of residents’ life, triggering residents' participation and establishing a governance system have something in common in that residents, local governments, and regions, which are basic elements of local autonomy, have a governance system. Conclusion: As an action plan for the Saemaul Movement in local autonomy, first, local government promotion units can be carried out by towns and villages, efficiently promoting local governments. Second, referring to the success of the Saemaul Movement in terms of decentralization of local autonomy, it can be applied to local autonomy by focusing on forming a community of residents by participating in residents, increasing income for village and individual independence, and fostering independent villages.

Purpose: Emergency room violence has emerged as a serious social issue globally. Emergency medical personnel work devotedly to preserve the lives and health of patients, yet incidents of physical and verbal violence against them are occurring frequently. Particularly in emergency room settings, violence can lead to secondary harm, prompting this paper to explore the problems of emergency room violence and seek practical solutions. In particular, this study aims to propose security measures that can be implemented immediately in medical institutions in the event of violent incidents. Method: The research methodology of this paper requires a review of existing studies, analysis of relevant case law concerning violence in medical institutions, and a review of amendments to related laws. By analyzing prior research on violence occurring in emergency rooms, the study aims to understand the nature of emergency room violence. Additionally, it seeks to analyze case law concerning violence by patients against healthcare professionals in medical institutions, examining types and causes of such incidents. Through these analyses, the paper in-tends to propose enhancements to amendments in medical law and emergency medical law. Results: Legal measures should be enacted to protect healthcare professionals, and enhanced security systems should be implemented to enable immediate responses to violent incidents. This may involve deploying security personnel, installing CCTV systems, and implementing emergency call systems. Practical measures such as em-powering general security guards, deploying specialized security personnel, and mandating the presence of registered security guards have been considered. Achieving these goals requires a redistribution of financial resources between healthcare institutions and national/local authorities, as well as a shift in societal attitudes toward these issues. Conclusion: First and foremost, it is essential to deploy security personnel within healthcare facilities who can take immediate action in case of violent incidents. This measure is crucial for protecting the safety and health of emergency medical staff and, ultimately, for providing better medical services to patients. To ensure the success of these efforts, collaboration among hospitals, law enforcement agencies, government bodies, and society as a whole is imperative. Sustained attention and support are also required to achieve meaningful outcomes in preventing violence in healthcare settings and enhancing overall safety and care for patients.

Purpose: In modern society, it is difficult to discover from the outside corruption that occurs secretly within an organization. Therefore, the purpose of the public interest reporting system is to contribute to the stability of people's lives and the establishment of a transparent and clean social climate by protecting and supporting people who report acts that infringe upon public interest. The Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission Act establish-es the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission to process grievances and improve related unreasonable administrative systems, prevent the occurrence of corruption, and efficiently regulate corrupt activities to protect the basic rights and interests of citizens and ensure the adequacy of administration. The purpose is to contribute to the establishment of an honest public service and social climate. With the gradual development of a democratic society, citizen participation in the public sphere has expanded, and citizens have come to actively monitor and supervise the decision-making and exercise of authority in the public sector. And citizens' expectations regarding transparency in public institutions have further increased. The purpose of this study is to examine the contents of the Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act and explore problems and ways to improve them. Method: Let's look at the meaning and purpose of the public interest reporting system. First, we review foreign whistleblower protection systems that have influenced domestic legislation. Second, we examine the main con-tents of the ‘Public Interest Reporter Protection Act’ and the ‘Act on the Prevention of Corruption and the Establishment and Operation of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission(Corruption Prevention and Civil Rights Act)’, which are representative whistle-blower protection systems implemented in Korea, and review their problems and points of improvement. Through this, we aim to suggest improvement measures and legislative policies for public interest reporting. Results: The starting point of the discussion of the crime of trespassing lies in the interpretation of the interests of protection. The representative theories are the claim of ‘housing rights’ and ‘the theory of de facto serenity’, but precedents adopt the doctrine of the theory of de facto serenity. As for the degree of protection for the crime of trespassing, the crime of danger and the crime of infringement are opposed to each other. The interpretation of these precedents shows a lot of changes in the protection and interest of the crime of trespassing, the meaning of the infringement, the timing of the commencement of execution, and the timing of implementation. Conclusion: In every society, there are always those who harm the public interest, which is the interest of the entire society. These people exist not only in the private sector but also in the public sector, and their harmful acts to society are not easy to detect due to the secrecy and closedness of the organization and the specificity of their actions. For this reason, the existence of a public interest reporting system is meaningful. Therefore, in order for the public interest reporting system to be activated, the current law must be supplemented and enacted. In particular, it is necessary to make whistleblower protection and compensation systems a reality. In addition, Korea's public interest reporting system does not recognize reports made to media organizations, and this needs to be supplemented. Whistle-blowing is difficult due to its nature, but sufficient institutional protection measures must be provided for the public interest.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenon of regional extinction in Korea, and to explore ways of cooperation and response between local governments and local universities in regions at risk of regional extinction in order to solve various problems such as population decline, job creation, and migration of young people. Method: To achieve the purpose of this study, various previous studies and data were reviewed in order to overcome the crisis of regional extinction through cooperation between local governments and regional universities through a theoretical review of the Korean government's policies related to regional extinction, the importance and policies of regional universities, and policies related to foreigners. Results: In order to overcome the phenomenon of regional extinction, it is necessary to actively attract and manage foreign students. In addition, a close cooperation system should be established between regional governments, regional universities, and local industries. In particular, regional universities play a role in selecting and educating local talents and settling them in the local community, so specialized and systematic training in culture, education, language, and vocational skills should be provided to highly qualified international students. Conclusion: In order to overcome regional extinction, regional governments, regional universities, and local industries must work together. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will serve as a basis for policy alternatives to prevent regional extinction.

Purpose: This study has public value as it identifies the current status and problems of extracurricular program. It does so by analyzing the operation and performance of extracurricular program after selecting them based on the results of student needs analysis. Additionally, it verifies whether participation in extracurricular program has an effect on self-efficacy and suggests implications for future program design and activation. Method: Data collection was conducted by surveying students in the science department of O University in the Seoul metropolitan area, and analysis methods included frequency and percentage, exploratory factor analysis, reliability testing, correlation, and regression analysis. The research questions are 1. How is the selection of extracurricular program based on students' needs analysis? 2. What are the results of the analysis of the operational performance of extracurricular program? 3. Is participation in extracurricular program effective in promoting self-efficacy? Results: Based on research question 1, the extracurricular program selected were the Creative Convergence Competition, the Foreign Student Mentoring Program, 5L DAY, and the 3D Printing Instructor Certification Course. According to research question 2, the creative convergence competition was able to develop core competencies outside the major and needed communication channels between departments. International student mentoring needed to strengthen the criteria for international students to participate in the program, and the 3D printing instructor certification course needed online lectures for theory and in-person lectures for practice. 5L DAY had the highest level of satisfaction among the comparison programs. According to research question 3, participation in the Future Learning Capability Program was effective in improving self-efficacy. Conclusion: The limitations of this study include that the research subjects are limited to the science departments of metropolitan universities, and the effectiveness of the "Future Learning Competency" extracurricular program is verified among the core competency-based extracurricular program of universities, and subsequent research requires subdivision by department and grade, and research on various factors such as learning effectiveness and satisfaction.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is as follows. First, it analyzes the differences in organizational outcome variables(work-life balance, boss reliability, job satisfaction, work performance, and organizational commitment) according to the use of the flexible work system. Second, it analyzes the difference between the presence or absence of experience in using the flexible work system and organizational outcome variables(work-life balance, boss reliability, job satisfaction, work performance, and organizational commitment). Third, it analyzes the difference between experience without permission for the flexible work system and organizational outcome variables(work-life balance, boss reliability, job satisfaction, work performance, and organizational commitment). Method: In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was designed for public officials in Daegu to understand the use of the flexible work system and the degree of recognition of organizational outcome variables. Organizational outcome variables included family-friendly policy satisfaction, work-life balance, organizational contribution, boss trust, organizational satisfaction, job satisfaction, work performance, turnover intention, organizational commitment, and life satisfaction. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, basic statistical analysis, frequency analysis, and cross-analysis were sequentially performed. Results: As a result of the statistical analysis of this study, there is a difference in the level of awareness of organizational outcome variables between groups that currently use and do not use the flexible work system, and groups that do not have permission to use the flexible work system. Conclusion: The statistical analysis results of this study suggest that there is a clear difference in perception between groups of workers in different situations regarding the use of the flexible work system. This is thought to be a policy implication necessary for the proper design of the flexible work system in public organizations and the more active use of the flexible work system.