International journal of martial arts

Purpose: This study focuses on "Health Qigong", a traditional Eastern mind-body training method, as a solution to the problem of hyper-aging faced by Korean society. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Health Qigong for healthy aging and propose specific non-face-to-face program implementation strategies. Method: This study analyzed previous research findings using triangulation to determine inter-rater agreement. The data collection primarily focused on research papers on Health Qigong and healthy aging published in the Korea Citation Index (KCI) within the past 10 years (2015-2025). For policy data analysis, the "Non-medical Healthcare Service Guidelines and Casebook" published by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare was analyzed to assess its applicability. Results: The study identified the anticipated advantages and disadvantages of a non-face-to-face Health Qigong program and proposed a Health Qigong program to strengthen intrinsic capacity. Furthermore, a detailed implementation strategy and evaluation indicators, applying a non-medical healthcare service model, and a specific safety training manual for the Health Qigong program were developed. Conclusion: Health Qigong can be safely applied within non-medical healthcare service guidelines. In particular, it is understood that non-face-to-face implementation of health information verification, prevention and management consultation, training goal setting, training implementation and monitoring, feedback, and adjustments is feasible. To ensure future sustainability, a cultural approach should be developed that integrates with the healthy pleasure trend and fosters a perception of Health Qigong as a fun and sustainable lifestyle habit for older adults, rather than a forced exercise.

Purpose: This study analyzes the structural limitations that have prevented Korean judo from establishing itself as a professional sport despite its international success. To achieve this, it compares the development of professional soccer and professional baseball to examine the institutional characteristics of Korean judo. Furthermore, it examines the potential application of artificial intelligence (AI), which is expanding in the field of sports judging, to the sport of judo. Furthermore, it envisages the future of Korean judo amidst Korea's low birth rate and transition to a multicultural society, and proposes a direction for Korean judo suited to the era of professional sports and AI judging. Method: This study compared Korean judo with professional soccer and baseball teams. It also analyzed institutional and technological changes, focusing on the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in sports judging. Results: While Korean judo maintains high competitiveness in the elite sports system centered on international competitions, it has been revealed that institutional gaps exist in the professional sports structure. Unlike professional soccer and baseball, the absence of a regular league and market base has limited player job security and the popularization of the sport. Furthermore, the lack of a systematic strategy for developing star players and promoting media exposure has been revealed. Issues regarding the fairness of sports judging have been repeatedly raised in judo, negatively impacting audience trust. Furthermore, analysis of cases involving the introduction of AI judging systems suggests that technology-based judging has the potential to simultaneously enhance fairness and reliability. Furthermore, the low birth rate and shift toward a multicultural society were identified as factors requiring structural changes in the recruitment and management of Korean judo athletes. In summary, the need for Korean judo to move beyond its traditional performance-based development model and adapt to the new sports environment was identified. Conclusion: This study analyzed the structural limitations facing Korean judo from the perspective of professionalization and the changing technological environment. The results confirmed that expanding the league base and improving the athlete career structure are essential for the sustainable development of Korean judo. In particular, the introduction of AI refereeing is evaluated as a key strategy to enhance the fairness and reliability of judo competitions. Furthermore, the need for an open and integrated athlete development policy that responds to changes in social structure was raised. In conclusion, Korean judo must secure future competitiveness through a systematic transformation suited to the era of professional sports and AI refereeing.

Purpose: The Korean government's definition of health care services is unclear and inclusive. Furthermore, opinions differ among experts, the medical community, consumer groups, and health care service providers regarding violations of the Medical Service Act, hindering the objective reflection of diverse stakeholders. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the applicability of Health Qigong's exercise prescription program for geriatric health interventions in the non-medical health care service sector. Method: This study focused on the non-medical health care service guidelines and casebooks published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2019 and 2021. This study identified the criteria for medical and non-medical practices and examined the applicable content in detail. Results: The study identified detailed examples of providers and institutions by activity through a detailed classification of health care service providers. Furthermore, it proposed four considerations for non-medical health care service provision and seven-level examples of exercise prescription application. Conclusion: Within the concept of non-medical health care services, the most specific aspects of implementing a Health Qigong program are establishing an implementation plan tailored to the user's training goals and implementing and monitoring training in accordance with the principles of exercise prescription. This study has provided an understanding of the procedures and practices of non-medical health care services in Korea, and will serve as an opportunity to identify areas where natural therapies can be utilized.

Purpose: This study aims to reexamine the significance and value of the judo athletes who contributed to the national interest at the Olympics and World Judo Championships through the development of Korean judo in the 1990s, and to examine the historical implications of these achievements. Furthermore, by examining the historical significance of Korean judo's development at the 25th Barcelona Olympics, the 26th Atlanta Olympics, and various World Judo Championships, the study aims to suggest future directions for the sport in Korea and to highlight its historical implications. Method: This study's content, scope, and methodology focused on examining the historical significance of the judo athletes who contributed to the development of Korean judo at the 1990 Olympics and World Judo Championships. This review included newspaper articles, historical papers, and a collection of historical materials from the Korea Judo Association. Through this review, the study presented a concrete direction for the development and identity of Korean judo. Results: This study examines the development of Korean judo in the 1990s and its contribution to enhancing national prestige at the Olympics and World Judo Championships. Through periods of stability and instability, Korean judo has been able to engage in further self-reflection, identify future directions, and make progressive leaps forward. Conclusion: This study examined the development of Korean judo in the 1990s and its contribution to enhancing national prestige at the Olympics and World Judo Championships. Through periods of stability and instability in Korean judo, this study presented the historical value and implications for its development, promotion, and identity. Therefore, this study examined the development of Korean judo in the 1990s and its contribution to enhancing national prestige at the Olympics and World Judo Championships, offering some insights into its historical significance. Furthermore, more detailed and in-depth follow-up research is needed to examine the development of Korean judo in the 1990s and its contribution to enhancing national prestige from a contemporary perspective, focusing on techniques, physical strength, muscular strength, mental fortitude, and strategic tactics.

Purpose: Health Qigong is an exercise that moves slowly to rhythm and is a type of slow exercise based theoretically on Chinese medicine. In this study, we sought to find out how people who are practicing Health Qigong for the first time are experiencing changes in their perception. Accordingly, this study was conducted for the purpose of examining the universality and specificity of Health Qigong compared to other sports from the perspective of beginners practicing Health Qigong. Method: Six beginners in Health Qigong who could provide sufficient answers to the research topic were selected as participants. The study participants participated in a total of 15 training programs and 1 presentation over 4 months and consisted of 3 men and 3 women. The data analysis process used Colaizzi's six-step analysis method in the phenomenological research method among qualitative research methods, and structured the changes in perception according to the participants' experiences by dividing them into universality and specificity. In addition, the participants' facial expressions and gestures were recorded and used as additional observation data and reflected in the research results. Results: As a result of the study, 3 categories, 7 topic bundles, and 15 subjects were finally identified. In the category of universality, physical, emotional, and convenience of space use were identified, and in the category of differentiation, movement characteristics and exercise types were identified, and convenience and fun were identified in the Health Qigong presentation. Conclusion: The results of this study will be meaningful in that they provide an opportunity to continue the cycle of participation by identifying the uniqueness of the Health Qigong program. In future research, specific and practical educational plans should be presented to expand the base of the program as well as research on the effects of Health Qigong training.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of Silver Taekwondo in enhancing the physical and psychological health of elderly individuals in a super-aged society. Based on this analysis, the study aims to provide foundational data for expanding and revitalizing the practice of Silver Taekwondo and to propose methods for maintaining health through sustained physical activity among the elderly. Method: This study used major academic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and KISS to find peer-reviewed papers and policy reports from the past decade with keywords such as 'Silver Physical Activities,' 'Elderly Physical Activities,' 'Taekwondo,' and 'Senior Taekwondo.' The literature was analyzed to assess the current state and key issues of Silver Physical Activities and Silver Taekwondo. Data reliability was ensured through repeated reviews and discussions by the researchers and a peer expert group. Results: The study found that From 2015 to 2023, the number of Silver Taekwondo participants, programs, and facilities increased, with participation rates rising from 2.5% to 5.5%. Despite improved online support due to COVID-19, issues such as accessibility, economic constraints, and program inadequacy persist. While community cooperation and online support have increased since 2021, facility shortages and a lack of qualified experts re-main unresolved, underscoring the need for comprehensive approaches and policy efforts. Conclusion: To promote the active participation of elderly individuals in Silver Taekwondo, it is necessary to develop tailored programs that align with their physical conditions and health levels, improve accessibility to public and private Taekwondo facilities, enhance the expertise of instructors through training and certification systems, expand policy support and financial incentives, and establish regular feedback mechanisms. A strategic approach incorporating these elements is expected to improve both the physical and mental health of the elderly and increase participation rates.

Purpose: Modern Judo has developed with traditional techniques, changes in game rules, and increased inter-national exchange. Recently, the rules have changed to a more aggressive direction, and coaches are studying new techniques inspired by Russian Sambo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Accordingly, Judo training must become more scientific and systematic through data and video analysis. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the use of techniques by Korean middle and high school and university judo players to maintain international competitiveness in line with these changes. Method: First, the frequency analysis was performed to examine and understand the general characteristics by using the SPSS/PC+23.0 program. Second, to validate the reliability of the survey questionnaire, the Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated. Third, exploratory factor analysis was conducted to find out the structure of the use of attack and defense techniques by judo players. Fourth, correlation analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between the use of attack and defense techniques by judo players. Fifth, regression analysis was conducted to find out the effect of the use of attack techniques by judo players on the use of defense techniques. Results: The results of the correlation analysis of the use of attack and defense techniques by judo players showed a statistically significant correlation of r=0.470, p=0.000, and a simple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the use of attack techniques affects the use of defense techniques. The results showed F=55.000(p<.001), indicating an explanatory power of 22.1%. The use of various techniques by judo players can be explained by strategic diversity in their performance, complementary techniques, responding to various situations, strengthening body parts, improving endurance during the game, and weakening the response ability of opposing players. Conclusion: In judo, the attack and defense techniques are Kuzushi (breaking the balance) - Tsukuri (taking the body position) - Kake (throwing), and each step has a direct and very important effect on the performance. However, in the recent era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence is being applied to all sports, and Korean judo must develop judo by combining traditional technology with a scientific approach as an IT powerhouse. To this end, it is necessary to utilize artificial intelligence image data analysis, virtual and augmented reality simulation training, motion capture technology, and AI-based customized training programs to provide appropriate feedback to athletes. In addition, in order to resolve the issue of controversy over match judgment, it is also an important task to introduce artificial intelligence referee judgment through international exchange programs to increase the objectivity of judo judgment. It is hoped that this study will lead the future international judo infrastructure and properly develop sports in the 4th industrial revolution.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Judo practitioners on their intention to continue exercising and satisfaction of life through consideration of previous research related to intention to continue exercising and satisfaction of life, thereby improving the development of Judo for sports for all and the satisfaction of Judo practitioners for sports for all while providing the basic data to contribute to help improve the quality of life and ultimately improving the quality of life. Method: The subjects of this study were 200 members attending middle and high schools who practice Judo as part of their daily sports, and were surveyed using stratified cluster random sampling. The collected data were subjected to factor analysis and reliability analysis using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. Results: In this study, the independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to determine the effect of training according to the characteristics of Judo practitioners on intention to continue exercising and satisfaction of life. First, in the offset analysis of intention to continue exercising and satisfaction, the correlation coefficient between variables turned out to be somewhat high. Second, it turned out to have a positive effect on the intention to continue exercising. Third, it turned out to have a positive effect on the satisfaction of Judo practitioners. Conclusion: The purpose of this study is to articulate and specify the impact of sports for all Judo training on the intention to continue exercising and satisfaction of life, and to provide the basic data that may be used to identify positive changes in individuals by improving mental, physical, and social health through Judo training.

Purpose: This study delves into the significance of Krav Maga training for enhancing self-defense abilities against indiscriminate violence, a societal issue impacting personal safety, and emphasizes its practicality in combination with the Israeli military combat system as a fundamental approach to applying martial arts for self-defense. The study seeks to reevaluate Krav Maga's pivotal role in bolstering self-defense against indiscriminate violence and to identify prospects for its future development. Method: The research method and data collection method to achieve the purpose of this study used electronic literature platform search. Validity as data was verified through triangulation. Results: Krav Maga is a practical and effective self-defense system that originated in Israel, initially developed for military use but later adapted for civilian self-defense. Martial arts for security, military martial arts, and police martial arts programs are presented as a vitalization plan. Conclusion: The revitalization plan for the Krav Maga program against indiscriminate violence can emphasize the importance of a tailored curriculum, certified instructors, scenario-based training, ethical considerations, periodic assessments and interdisciplinary collaborations, and empowers participants self-defense, bodyguards, soldiers and police. Training can be instilled with the aim of ensuring the ability to manage problems effectively in a variety of situations by equipping them with practical self-defense skills, legal awareness and enhanced situational preparedness.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the relationship between body and mind through the process of meditation, which is receiving increasing attention in modern times. This study will contribute to the educational utilization of martial arts in meditation by comparing and analyzing the relationship be-tween body and mind, identifying the body and mind as inseparable, and the training of the body as a technical means to improve the mind and personality. This will contribute to the educational utilization of martial arts in meditation. Method: As one of the data collection methods to study social and cultural phenomena, the method of collecting necessary information through existing literature data was selected. This was approached as a qualitative research method that collects data and interprets the meaning of the phenomenon through the intuitive insight of the researcher. Results: There are two types of meditation: static meditation and dynamic meditation. Static meditation is a seated, stationary practice that involves sitting in a certain posture and focusing your consciousness on a single thought, clearing your mind of distractions, and calming your mind. Dynamic meditation is a form of meditation that involves repetition of certain movements, such as walking or practicing martial arts, in which you imagine an area as a sanctuary and walk a certain distance every day without stopping. As you continue to perform physical exercises, the mind becomes increasingly unresponsive to external stimuli and focuses only on mental images. Repetitive physical exercises like this have the effect of meditation. In this way, practicing Taekwondo or the Chinese martial art of kung fu can have a meditative effect. The Taekwondo curriculum are consisted of 1)The trainees must perform repetitive movements through 360 hours of training 2)1 Dan/Poom holders require 240 hours of training, 2 Dan/Poom holders require 480 hours, 3Dan/Poom holders require 720 hours, 4 Dan/Poom holders require 960 hours, 5 Dan holders require 1200 hours, 6 Dan holders require 1440 hours, 7 Dan holders require 1680 hours, and 8 Dan holders require 2060 hours of training in nine years. These required hours are divided into units for repetitive training such as Poomsae, competition, defeat, character, self-defense, taekwondo physical fitness, taekwondo gymnastics, taekwondo demonstration, and core exercises. Conclusion: The study found that repetitive physical exercises make the mind increasingly unresponsive to external stimuli and focus on mental images. This has the effect of meditation, so martial arts training and meditation are closely related.