All Articles

  • This study was designed to identify the perception towards social minorities and the variables which influence such perception for 230 preliminary police trainees of the Central Police Academy. The data were collected through the survey questionnaires and a multiple regression analysis was performed to conduct frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and learn about the sense of social distance. The analytical results are as follows. The average value of the sense of social distance towards sexual minorities perceived by the police trainees was 3.65 or higher, whose average difference was not clear, yet the average value(3.07) was lower than the other questions for the questions on whether they are acceptable as members of the family. Examining the results of the final regression analysis performed, it was shown that social minorities related training experience, stereotypes about sexual minorities, and negative emotions about sexual minorities had a significant influence on the police trainees’ sense of social distance towards sexual minorities. This indicated that those with the training experience related to social minorities had a less sense of distance, and that the more and higher the stereotypes and negative emotions towards sexual minorities, the larger the sense of social distance. This study is meaningful in that it presented the relationship between the sense of social distance and the factors of influence about the sexual minorities for the police trainees who will become the preliminary police officers.
    Keyword:Sexual Minorities, Preliminary Police Officers, Sense of Social Distance, Negative Emotions, Negative Stereotypes
  • The thesis aims at proposing countermeasures against verbal violence at school with its causes segmented into educational psychology and social aspects by identifying conditions of children from multi-cultural family suffering from verbal violence at school through psychological and social analysis to have the children be involved into senses of belonging and identity, not only at school but also in Korean society, from a macroscopic perspective. Therefore, the research monitored the school violence conditions against children from multi-cultural families and pertinent countermeasures, and identified the seriousness of, particularly, verbal violence among various school violence against the children, based on the result of 2015 National Multi-cultural Family Condition Survey. Verbal violence induces serious damage to the character of victims and it leads to further negative influences not only on psychological but also physical manners in daily lives, suffering from anger, helplessness, demoralization and senses of outrage and humiliation. The research analyzed the causes of such verbal violence from psychological and social perspectives based on school verbal violence conditions of children from multi-cultural family. Psychologically, it is analyzed as desire to raise self-esteem, exposure to anger, compensation to inferiority anger, emotional tension relief and defense mechanism to physical violence control of a speaker. From social perspective, it is analyzed as a mean of fellowship reinforcement, disclosure of authority and mechanism to maintain interpersonal relationship via interest inducement. As countermeasures against school verbal violence, a campaign to eliminate school verbal violence and a mentor system and humanistic education associated with various social institutions executed by the police are discussed, and needs of language programs and multi-cultural education to prevent school verbal violence are suggested from psychological and social manners respectively.
    Keyword:Crime Prevention, Children from Multi-Cultural Family, School Violence, Verbal Violence, Multi-Cultural Education
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze present condition and problem of game rating system in Korea. Consequently this study will offer effective ways to review rating and to reduce on-line crime. As the technology of game consoles advances and the age brackets of game consumers expand, computer and video games have been diversified both in content and expressions. Given this phenomenon, social requirements have intensified, and a typical requirement is related to the influence that the content of a game may have on young people. In reality, increase of on-line game user caused various social problem. In addition, item-related crime of on-line has been increased lately because of growing on line market. In connection with this situation, the academic world has been interested in the game rating system to control social problems of online-games effectively. To fulfill those social need, the Game Rating and Administration Committee was established in December, 2013 under The Game Industry Promotion Act(abbreviated as Games Act) as a public organization for fostering the sound game culture and developing the game industry in Korea. In rating games or entertainment software pursuant to Article 21 of the Games Act, the Game Ratings Board shall ensure the ethical and public nature of games, protect children and youth, and respect the creativity and autonomy of the games. Games provided under Article 2 subparagraph 1 of the Games Act shall be reviewed by the Board when they are produced for sale or provision for use. Korean game rating system is the advanced system to control social problems of online-games effectively. But reform measures have to be asked to solve the performance problems. We suggest the followings. First, to pass on information to game rating, the introduction of various cooperation strengthening method like ESRB is required, and all this depends on the growth of partnership. Second, it is required content descriptor regulations to prevent the game addiction of users. Addiction criteria for games shall be by internet game addiction diagnostic scale. Third, The Game Act will need to be updated to reflect recent changes in Korean game culture similar to the CERO in Japan. Finally, rating system in Korea is not considering Interactive Elements. And with the introduction of Interactive Elements, game users will have greater information of on-line games.
    Keyword:Game Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, Game Rating, GRAC, Game Addiction
  • The main goal in this study was to assess the impacts of social and physical disorders on individual level of informal social control. The data used in this study were collected from 700 male and female respondents living in Daegu Metropolitan City, the third largest city in South Korea. The results from HLM(Hierarchical Linear Regression Model) analysis, unlike previous findings, have shown that community disorder has no effects on informal social control. Both social disorder and physical disorder show no significant effects on informal social control. Meanwhile, residential stability has a significantly positive impact on informal social control. In addition, among demographic variables, gender and age are significant predictors. The male respondents are more likely to respond the higher level of informal social control than the females. Age is also positively related to the level of informal social control. This study in this field of research is almost the first attempt to apply for HLM statistical technique in South Korea. It is needed more researches to use the nested data for studying community and social problems in South Korean Community of Criminal Justice and Criminology.
    Keyword:Community, Disorder, Informal Social Control, Residential Stability, Concentrated Disadvantage
  • The purpose of this article is to compare the reality of sex crime in the 18th century Joseon society and the way in which it was adapted into classic fiction. For this purpose, this paper examines sex crime recorded in "Shimnirok", Royal trial records, and depictions of sex crime novels in the 18th century. The analyses are as follows: i)in addition to adultery, rape, crime induced by rumors, various types of sex crime appear in the "Shimnirok", as is the case with the novels of the era; ii)in the real world, adultery occurred more frequently, whereas suspected adultery appears more frequently in classic novels than the actual adultery; iii)in cases of rape and attempted rape, they are mentioned in novels as frequently as in real life, however, unlike the reality in which rape between a married couple was not recognized, it is described in novels with greater detail, and the rape victims of lower station depicted as to elevate their social positions is also further from the realities of the time; iv)in the real world, there were many victims of sexual rumors or scandals who committed suicide, whereas in classic fiction, the rumors does not induce crime and emphasis is more on containing the spread of such rumors, and finally; v)as seen in the "Shimnirok", when investigating sex crime, it was imperative to employ flexible methods according to the individual circumstances and nature of the crime, which holds true even in today’s world.
    Keyword:Sex Crime, 18th Century, Shimnirok, Classic Fiction, Police Investigation
  • It is a very big problem in our society to cause anxiety to the people because of the terrorism against politicians. In this respect, it is necessary to prepare new measures against the terrorist attacks on politicians. Despite the many security measures that have been carried out so far, there is a need for a new improvement plan due to the change of the age, new security equipment, and various new terrorist attacks taken place. Therefore, this study aims to identify the current problems of security for the politician and to propose a new improvement plan. This study is a case study analyzing terrorist incidents targeting politicians, after analyzing the causes of security failures based on the cases of terrorist attacks on politicians in Korea, it suggested the following improvement plan. First, in order to improve the crisis management response and the ability of security performance in the event of the terrorist attack against politicians, it is required for the security personnel to have excellent professional knowledge on politician security and excellent practical ability. When it comes to having these qualifications required, it is necessary to study the professional knowledge at university first, along with having excellent practical skills. Second, in order to improve the problems of inspection and preliminary detection that can be found through cases of terrorist attacks against politicians, it is vital to increase security personnel for politicians to develop the ability to detect in the field, to increase the number of inspection manpower before and during the security service for frequent inspections, and to improve the efficiency of the inspection through the dedicated area inspection.
    Keyword:Korea Crisis, Political Security, Politician Terror, Security Guard, Korean Politician
  • Crime in Korea is becoming increasingly ferocious, elaborate and cruel with the development of the economy, and property crimes such as theft are becoming more careful and intelligent, making it difficult to arrest criminals. In particular, robbery and theft, which are considered as serious problems of crime, are a type of crime with a greater fear of crime than other crimes and need a profound discussion. The trespass theft, especially, in spite of the seriousness of the problem, it is difficult to know the exact amount of the damage because it is not separately classified in the official statistics. In addition, as the technology leaks of Korean companies increase every year, it is as urgent to set up a legal measure to protect technology as the research and development of cutting-edge industrial technology. According to the Korea Information Security Agency under the National Intelligence Service(NIS), the number of cases that attempted to leak Korean advanced technology abroad is on the rise gradually. In particular, unlike the past trends in which the leaks occurred mainly in the fields of the IT, automobile, shipbuilding, and IT industries, the victims cover SMEs and research institutes currently, reaching the bio-industry for green energy development as well. Therefore, this study will discuss the urban design through crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED) and the expansion of CCTV installation which is a key issue, as a countermeasure against crime in Korea.
    Keyword:Crime in Korea, Crime Prevention, Crime Damage, CCTV, CPTED
  • Until now, there has been a number of cases of aviation accidents occurred in Korea, such as the kidnapping case of Changrang-Ho by North Korea(1958), KAL YS-11 kidnapping case(1969), KAL F-27 kidnapping case(1969), KAL B727 attempted kidnapping(1985), KAL KE858 Air Explosion Case(1987), KAL B747 attempted kidnapping(1988), KAL 388 attempted kidnapping(1993), etc. In response to such accidents, the South Korean government allowed air security personnel to carry weapons, along with the uniformed police officer after the 1969 aircraft kidnapping case and has allowed the petition police to carry out the work of aviation security personnel since 1970. Also, it introduced a new system in which security personnel board the aircraft by a visa agreement with the United States in 2008. Therefore, under the influence of the Air Marshall system of the United States, in the case of airline flights suspected of terrorism in Korea, security personnel are confidently carrying on counter-terrorism work within the aircraft, and such aviation security services are also being studied in academia. However, as humankind is experiencing an increasing number of national emergencies due to natural disasters compared with the past, the study of the occurrence of aviation safety accidents caused by earthquakes and storm and flood has not been conducted yet. So, in this study, I would like to introduce and discuss Korea's aviation safety manual for earthquake and storm and flood accidents.
    Keyword:Aviation Safety, Airport, Crisis Management, Earthquake, Storm and Flood
  • Korea's rapid economic growth has further diversified its security environment, so Korea has been introducing a private security system to work with police since 1970, which is a crime prevention system in developed countries. However, in the case of the detective, all of the OECD member countries except Korea are active to introduce it as a major area of private security. Even though the detective system in Korea has not yet been legislated, the private investigators from developed countries have entered into Korea to conduct the detective works since Korea became an OECD member in 1996. Therefore, it is the right time for Korea to prepare for introducing a private detective system. The Korean detective system, however, began in the Japanese colonial period(1910-1945), and was regulated as Chosun governor general ordinance No. 82. in 1911, and then after liberation, the detective business was conducted again, but on September 23, 1961, the "Private Agency Regulation Act" was enacted and regulated. In Korea, there are a lot of companies that are engaged in real detective business by using the name of a consulting company or the cases where a private security company carries out a detective business, but they are crowded for doing this business with no legal basis. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and discuss the research questions on the necessity of the introduction of Korean detective business law through an in-depth interview with the expert group.
    Keyword:Security, Public Order, Detective, Law, OECD
  • As complex risk factors become routinized, social safety and safety culture are gaining attention as important social issues. Emphasis on safety culture reflects the fact that the need for social control over complex risk factors keeps increasing. It is difficult, however, to quantify safety culture as it has intangible and qualitative character-istics. Although it can be managed and improved with qualitative data, it can be managed and improved even more effectively when quantitative data are added. In the private security field, it is more important to understand safety culture as a profession which imple-ments safety-related tasks and manages safety. Even though Korea has undergone various incidents and acci-dents on a continual basis due to its compressed economic development, understanding and efforts on safety culture have been deficient owing to lack of awareness and non-systematic activities conducted by the private sector. This study found out assessment factors which constitute safety culture through DHP technique and drew out relative importance of the factors constituting the safety culture. As a result of the 1st Delphi analysis, a total of 73 factors of safety culture were drawn out and, through literature review on the preceding studies and meeting of the experts on researches, individual factors were finally classified into safety value, safety attitude, safety behavior and safety knowledge while organizational factors were classified into safety atmosphere, safety pro-cedure, safety education and safety motivation, totaling 73 factors. Based on the results of the 2nd Delphi, 6 factors with CVR values less than 1.0 and average less than 3.0, which were 1 item of safety attitude, 1 item of safety atmosphere, 2 items of safety procedure and 2 items of safety motive, were deleted, finalizing 67 items. In the 3rd AHP analysis, paired comparison was conducted on 67 factors and weights for each factor and their priority order were drawn out. Among the constituting factors of safety culture, safety value and safety motive had highest weights, followed in descending order by safety behavior, safety atmosphere, safety attitude, safety education, safety procedure and safety Knowledge. Although some factors among those which were studied and drawn out by this study are relatively insignifi-cant, even those factors need to be handled carefully as they also constitute safety culture. This study is expected to work as the basic data and to maintain a high level without compromising any one of the factors. In addition, subsequent studies by other researchers should prevent and prepare for various risks through integrated and long-term management of safety culture, not randomly and sporadically handled by industry, region and occu-pation. Studies on safety have been conducted through history and will also continue with the history of humanity. In the process of these studies, quantification of phenomena related to safety will work as a cornerstone for a higher level of research activities through measurement and comparison.
    Keyword:Security, Safety, Safety Culture, Private Security, Republic of Korea