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  • Purpose: Pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus are making a variety of unimaginable changes to mankind. Various changes in the industrial environment of the times are being applied and needed for various changes and new forms of measures in the private security sector, without exception. Method: In this study, we looked at the private security industry, which is responsible for the safety of society even in the Pandemic situation caused by the COVID-19 virus, and the prediction of the private security industry in the Post Corona era and the need for preemptive countermeasures. Results: In the midst of this paradigm shift in the industry, the security industry needs to establish a new legislative system in preparation for the rapid transition of a combined form of quarantine work and security industry. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish a new business area in the form of disease control and prevention security service and establish a legislative system accordingly in the business contents of the Security Services Industry Act, an actual corporation related to the private security industry. In addition, the establishment of a disease control and prevention working-level training program for field guards should be implemented. Such programs shall include the management of the number of visitors, the protection of facilities, and the management of quarantiners.
    Keyword:COVID-19, Post Corona, Security industry, Disease Control and Prevention, Untact
  • Purpose: If the duties of the security police are carefully examined(the police officer in charge of personal protection), the security police give priority to personal protection in accordance with the 「Act on the Protection and Settlement Support of North Korean Refugees」. At the same time, they are in charge of various roles, such as job placement, provision of education opportunities, and support through partnerships with welfare and social organizations for their successful social settlement while performing their duties. In recent years, as changes in the IT environment bring about changes in the security paradigm, such as the change and diversification of security threat measures, there has been a growing need to change the role and function of the security police to meet new security demands. Accordingly, this paper seeks to explore the paradigm of the security police required in the current era and discusses the role conflict and its direction caused by duties that the security police in Korea should essentially perform with focusing on the working period. Method: The subjects of the study are 91 security police officers who had duties related to North Korean defectors. For research analysis, statistical verification was performed using the SPSS 23.0 Program. First, frequency analysis was performed to determine the general characteristics of the survey subjects, and Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the questionnaire. Lastly, a One Way ANOVA was conducted to find out the difference in role conflict according to the total police duty period and the security department duty period. Results: As a result of analyzing the difference in role conflict according to the total police duty period, it was found that police officers who have served for more than 20 years are generally more aware of their responsibility for roles than police officers who have been in office for less than 10 years. In addition, as a result of analyzing the differences in role conflict according to the security department's working period, it was found that police officers who worked in the security department for more than 10 years had higher mission and goals for their duties than police officers who had less than two years working experience in the security department. In addition, it was found that security police officers who worked in the security department for more than 6 to 10 years were also more responsible for their roles than security policemen who worked for less than 2 years. Conclusion: It is necessary to study the organizational culture to reduce stress and role conflict according to the demands of various roles of the security police and to efficiently perform duties. For these reasons, it is hoped that studies will continue to be conducted to comprehensively examine the factors that affect the job, such as job satisfaction, stress, and role conflict of security police according to the required job with interest in the security police's job and the goal of the police organization in the following study.
    Keyword:Security Police, Role Conflict, Police Organization Culture, Security Police Duty, Police Stress
  • Purpose: In this study, we confirm the effectiveness of the leadership evaluation index developed as an early stage of this leadership evaluation index development study, and demonstrate the validity of the index by comparing it with the existing leadership evaluation system. Based on these findings, the optimal plan will be developed through continuous research, and through this, the Korea Military Academy's leadership education and evaluation system will be improved and further developed. Method: The leadership activities of cadets were divided into three types of activities: leadership program, self-governing activities, and school/external activities to calculate activity scores based on the time spent on various activities, and finally, leadership evaluation index was calculated. We have gone through many tests to establish an optimal index for each activity. We surveyed tactical officers to get their insights and compared the evaluation results of 230 KMA cadets to identify the relation between the KMALES index and other leadership evaluation tools. Results: The leadership evaluation index was found that the results of the existing evaluation system, Leadership Competency Diagnosis and Leader Behavior and Value Evaluation, were very similar in evaluation of excellent and poor cadets. Therefore, the leadership evaluation index proved valid as a leadership evaluation system for cadets. Conclusion: First, it is the development of a new concept of leadership evaluation system that evaluates the leadership of cadets. Second, it has increased the possibility of using the new leadership evaluation system through verification of its effectiveness and validity. Third, it can be expanded to other educational institutions within the county.
    Keyword:Leadership, Leadership Evaluating Index, Leadership Education System, Leader Behavior & Value Evaluation, Cadet
  • Purpose: In this study, we examine the factors related to the suicide of police officers and discuss about the suicides caused by exposure to suicide news in order to suggest basic materials which will be helpful for prevention of police officers. In addition, we examine the relations among the variables through case analysis of suicide precursor and desire to develop a model of diagnosis and prediction for actual problems. We hope that this study will be utilized as good material for countermeasures against suicides of a lot of members in police organization. Method: In this study, we trace suicide cases of domestic and overseas police officers and desire to prepare efficient plan to prevent those suicide cases. For this we also conduct literature search, statistical analysis, case study, expert interview and interview investigation by utilizing studies on suicides and suicidal thoughts of police officers and precedent researches on domestic and overseas suicides. Moreover, we found the relation between the cases of suicide causes and cases of suicide exposure through analysis of present condition by ages, causes, social status and departments by utilizing the frame of case analysis of suicide exposure. Results: It is discovered that main causes of police officers’s suicide exposure are as follows: First, they witness various events and accident and suffer extreme heartache followed by posttraumatic stress disorder and extreme labor; Second, they are exposed to extreme work stress due to too heavy comprehensive performance system for public safety; Third, front-line police officers suffer from stress and depression from night-time work and day/night shift; and Forth, the risk of suicide is increased by unique characteristics of police work, possession of guns. Conclusion: In order to prevent and reduce the suicide of police officers, the following plans must be prepared. First, the work environment of police officers must be renovated, regular consultation program must be permanently established and spare place and spare time for sufficient rest should be provided. Second, it is necessary to revitalize family participating program and expand training center and sports facility. Third, innovative evaluation system must be adopted in order to alleviate work stress from required public safety performance. Fourth, a department dedicated to support for police officers engaged in work-related incident should be established. Fifth, a plan for expanding wearing taser gun substituting gun must be prepared.
    Keyword:Police Officer, Suicide Exposure, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Precursor, Suicide Prevention
  • Purpose: Police officers in security department play important role in securing the safety of nation and the people from very broad security threat and have no choice but to have stricter vertical organizational structure compared to other police organizations. However, in order to change to more positive and active organization, police officers in security department must change to horizontal one where the members can make active communications and interactions. Thus, in this study, we make an empirical verification which differences will be caused by the educational background and employment route in members’ empowerment of police officers in security department which secure national preservation from various threat to the safety and seek for protecting the life and personal safety of the people. Method: Frequency Analysis, t-test, One Way ANOVA. In this study, a survey has been conducted in Self-Administration Method for 100 police officers in the security departments experienced in the duties for the residents escaping from North Korea out of the police officers in the security department with the population of the police officers of the Republic of Korea in 2020 in order to verify how difference will be caused in follower ship of leaders based on the number and work region of staffs in the department of security police officers. Results: As a result of analysis, in terms of difference in empowerment from educational background, it is discovered from all the questionnaires that the police officers in security department having higher educational background including graduates of universities and graduate schools have higher empowerment than the ones having comparatively lower educational background including graduates from college and high school. Moreover, in terms of difference in empowerment from employment route, it is discovered from most of the questionnaires that the public officers of police officers in security department graduated from the Korea National Police University or military cadet have higher empowerment level than the police officers employed from open recruitment or other special recruitment. Conclusion: In order to form positive empowerment of public officers of police officers in security department: first, in the National Police Agency and each local police agencies in cities and Do provinces, educational opportunity must be extended for formation of positive empowerment, improvement of work performance and other self development of police officers in lower position including police officers in security department; second, it is necessary for extending the window and route of decision making in internal organization of police so that various opinions and suggestions of lower level police officers in security department, who have lower educational background, been employed at comparatively lower ranking positions and have not promoted to a management position, are openly collected and actively reflected in the policies of police; third, fair and strict physical and emotional compensation system for empowerment of police officers including police officers in security department must be extended; and, forth, it is necessary to ensure that the chief of the National Police Agency and other officers from high ranking management from local police agencies develop transformative leadership.
    Keyword:Police Officers in Security Department, Empowerment, Leadership, Transformative Leadership, Security
  • Purpose: The purpose of this article is to discuss the implications of major countries' counter-strategies to overcome the COVID-19 and draw out policy options for South Korea. The study aims to provide a concrete alternative to strengthening the military's response capabilities. arguing that South Korea should become a global leader that prevents the spread of infectious diseases abide by Hongikingan(The idea of widely benefiting humans) of ancient South Korean political thought. Method: This article reviews drawing up South Korea's strategy by examining major countries' counter-strategies against COVID-19 abide by the theory of neoliberalism. The goal of neoliberalism is to aim for a small government, value the efficiency of private companies, expand free trade, open markets, and maximize the role of the private sector. Results: The limits of neoliberalism after the spread of COVID-19 can be summarized as follows. First, State-led supply of quarantine masks and the supply of therapeutic vaccines becomes prevalent breaking away from the neoliberalism way of production by the private sector. Second, free trade and open markets, which neoliberalism values, are checked by the establishment of a quarantine period and the blockade of transportation routes. Thereby the neoliberalism is faced with a limit out of its cherished values of super-connected and high-speed. Third, neoliberalism was a way to pursue a small government and maximize the role of the private sector, but the spread of Covid-19 strengthens the state's control over the quarantine goods and its production facilities such as the operation of the Act on Production of Goods during War. Fourth, there is a growing demand for strengthening government role to mobilize state-led troops for the response. It needs to improve the legal system to strengthen the military's capability to tackle infectious diseases. Conclusion: In responding to non-traditional threat by the military sector, defense reforms such as laws, systems, and integrated command systems are needed at the defense level. Second, the effectiveness of response should be enhanced by designating a dedicated unit for each type of non-traditional threats, such as environmental pollution, infectious diseases, and large-scale natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunami, etc. Third, we need to establish an AI-based disaster management system in conjunction with the 4th industrial revolution. Fourth, it calls for the establishment of an international cooperative network in responding to non-traditional threats.
    Keyword:Covid-19, Neoliberalism, Police, Non-Traditional Threat, System
  • Purpose: As rallies inevitably have a direct impact on social order as a collective freedom of expression, the need for autonomy inherent in basic rights and the need for batting average regulation to maintain social order need to be harmonized with each other. Method: To Study the judicial discussion and improvement of the police line in rellies and demonstrations Results: If a rally, demonstration group, or individual intentionally staged violent demonstrations to carry out their demands and claims by any means, collide with the police, and as a result, the public fully bears the social costs of violent protests, it will only undermine the nation's external image with huge economic losses. Conclusion: For the police responsible for the order of well-being of the nation and the people, strict legal action and concrete countermeasures are required against illegal and violent rallies and demonstrations that turn violent beyond their original intentions, and it is time to review judicial discussions and improvement tasks on the police line.
    Keyword:Police Line, Gathering, Protests, Freedom of Assembly, Control of Assembly Demonstration
  • Purpose: The mining industry is a highly risky field where risk factors impact each other much. Mining is the leading branch of the economy of Mongolia. Rural areas in Mongolia isn't well developed and the country's population is not crowded mining industry is so risky. And also the risk factors in the Mongolian mining field are highly impacted by each other made me study a detailed and staged method of risk management. Method: To define mining risk factors we studied the classifications of international experts and made a survey among the mining specialists of Mongolia. Then we defined the risks into 8 factors and 31 subfactors. By the survey research, the logical principle of impact factors was defined. After that, we made a systematic analysis of the dependence between the impact factors and their impacting levels. As the result, we found out a staged design of risk analysis. Results: The result of the Risk Matrix risk analysis showed that the central region mines in Mongolia have a high-risk level and they need a detailed risk assessment. While the WSM analysis result says that most mines have got high management risk, DEMATEL analysis results mines have high risks in subfactors such Organizational structure adaptation, Human error failure. Conclusion: The research result shows that this comprehensive risk method is suitable for making detailed risk analysis in companies liable to high risk and has many influencing impacted risk factors. In this paper, we offered a comprehensive risk analysis method and it was also tested to analyze common risks in Mongolian Central Region Coal Mines. The results of applying the proposed method in a real case study demonstrate that it can effectively handle risk assessment when implementing risk analysis in a Mining organization.
    Keyword:Field Action Manual, Manual Operation Key, Mission, Decision, Disaster Site Information
  • Purpose: The recent correctional administration emphasizes not only aspects of detention-security focused on the execution of prisoners in the past but also the rehabilitation ideology through personality education. A correctional officer who must pursue these two conflicting ideologies at the same time has no choice but to feel a role conflict. Therefore, the focus of this study is to examine role conflicts based on the contradictory role expectations of “punishment ideology” and “rehabilitation ideology” required of correctional officers from the perspective of role conflicts. Method: This study is based on a survey that targeted 431 current correctional officers and the collected questionaries were analyzed by the statistics program of SPSS 22.0. For specific research methods, factor analysis, reliability analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of each variable. In addition, ANOVA analysis was conducted for the purpose of proving the research hypothesis to verify the differences in the correctional concepts and role conflicts by the socio-demographic characteristics of correctional officers and the differences in role conflicts according to the correctional orientation. Results: Although the punishment orientation of correctional officers differed depending on age, period of service and first department of work, the rehabilitation orientation differed only in the first department of work, this means that the first department of work was the only common link reinforcing either a punishment and rehabilitation ideology. Also, the more the punishment ideology was followed, the greater the chance that role conflict could be experienced. However, there are no difference in role conflicts according to the socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, period of service, current and first department of work. Conclusion: In order to further examine role conflicts of correctional officers, various approaches such as in-depth interviews and panel research will be required. It is also necessary to study various forms of organizational culture to reduce the role conflicts of correctional officers and to efficiently accept contradictory ideologies of punishment and rehabilitation simultaneously.
    Keyword:Correctional Officer, Ideology of Korean Correctional Service, Punishment Ideology, Rehabilitation Ideology, Role Conflict
  • Purpose: In this study, the perception toward leaders' followership by gender and age was analyzed for police officers working at the security police organization, which are recognized as the most closed police organization among young or female police officers. And through this, we would like to discuss policy measures to create a security police organization with a new followership culture in line with the changing security environment. Method: In this study, 100 police officers working for the security police organization with experience in handling North Korean defector affairs were surveyed via self-administration method to analyze their perception toward leaders' followership according to gender and age. Results: According to the analysis, male security police officers are more positive about their leaders' followership than female police officers for most of the questions that have been statistically significant in terms of gender. And in terms of age, most of the questions are considered to be more positive among older people, while among those who are in their 20s, there is a relatively high level of negative perception. When it comes to gender and age connections, men in their 50s and women in their 30s have the most positive attitude toward their leaders. Conclusion: In conclusion, the culture inside the security police organization should improve so that it can actively accept female security police officers, who account for only 4.6% of the total police force, including external affairs police officers, and thus turn it into a security police organization where female police officers can fully demonstrate their potential and creativity. Second, in order to be reformed as a new security police organization in response to the rapidly changing security environment, a developmental organizational culture of the security police organization should be created, expanding the number of young security police officers, drawing fresh ideas from them and making themselves leaders.
    Keyword:Security Police, Police Officers, Gender, Age, Followership