Regulations

Problems such as murders due to violence among couples, so-called ‘Dating Abuse’, have recently come to the front. Accordingly, the police organized a task-force, holding an intensive reporting period. However, low report-ing rate due to the particularity in their relationship as a couple, and the severity of damages have been only passively managed by investigation agencies and such conditions have been criticized as it seems to influence on the development of violent crimes, at last. For preparation of more effective measures, Clare’s Law in England is being considered to be introduced in KOREA. However, it is producing active arguments as it causes violation of personal information, collisions with other legislations. Thus, the thesis would study deeply observe the main issues and implications in relation with Clare’s Law, as well as improvement measures for the public security. Thus, this study would observe major issues surrounding Clare’s Law and their implications, and investigate fur-ther improvement measures for public security policies. As a result of an investigation, a protective custody order, prevention of second crime conviction through cooperations and improvement on related legislations by practic-ing active responses by investigation agencies are suggested.

A survey of social capital and satisfaction with police was collected in two cities—one from the U.S. and one from South Korea. Using the data from the survey of 628 citizens in total, this study discusses the significance and strength of social capital factors in these two countries. In terms of demographic characteristics, participants from the U.S. and Korea were generally comparable. As a result of factor analyses, different factors of social capital emerged. For the U.S., attitudes toward diversity, activity, and life values emerged as significant factors. A relationship between cooperation and neighborhood was only significant for the Korean sample. Participation and safety/trust factors emerged as meaningful in both countries, and these two factors were found to be significant predictors of satisfaction with police for both coun-tries in subsequent regression analyses. Higher levels of activity factors were only associated with greater levels of satisfaction with police in the U.S. Some factors were found to be relevant in both countries, whereas other factors had unique influence on satisfaction with police in each country. Policy makers from both countries should cooperate to develop policies related to commonly relevant factors and to develop unique policies related to other relevant factors. Existing research has rarely taken a multifactorial approach to specifically examine its influence on social capital. Com-parison of the relationship in two different countries adds further value to the present study.

Cyber-crime refers to the infringement of benefits and protection of laws - socially harmful behaviors - that occurs around cyber-spaces that forms via computer systems connected between information communication network such as the Internet. Such cyber-crimes have characteristics of anonymity, profession, technology and repeatability, hence, are required to be monitored as not only domestic but as an international issue, considering that the cyber-crimes are committed with no spatial and time restriction. Therefore, This study is about how the government should deal with the rapidly growing and diversifying cyber-crimes, and figure out the policy and the techniques for strengthening in the investigation of cyber-crimes to unite and work towards a common goal. As the perspective of the policy, the government must support the new equipment and the professional manpower to utilize the Digital Forensic system. As the perspective of the technique, the government must construct the integrated system which helps to work with the investigators through the criminal cases. Moreover, this system has to study an analytic plan of the embedded system to use embedded forensic techniques and the basic ontology is important to be in the integrated system. And then in the future, measures to respond to diversified and intellectualized cyber-crimes should be more systemized and be constantly developed with more insightful Digital Forensic analysis than before.

The most general form of Domestic Violence committed among family members is, especially, the violence by a husband upon a wife. Domestic Violence physically, mentally and in the manner of property damages not also the wife, the victim, but also the husband and the rest of the whole family members, inducing further social issues. When Domestic Violence is continued, as a mean to prevent the Domestic Violence, an Approach Restraining Order can be used. However, due to the particularity that the assailant and the victim are the family members, infringement of such Restraining Orders often occurs. IoT entails mutual interaction of all information by linking all entities at any place and any time between a human and the other, a human and an object or an object and the other. A GPS-attached bag is linked to domestic IoT, offering the real-time location of children having the bag to their parents and enables rapid responses of the police to violent crimes by an automatic report to the police via a voice recognition sensor installed in public places, when a sound of scream is detected. This thesis proposes a system to automatically report to the police when a sound of scream of a victim is detected by a voice recognition sensor included in a smart-device, and prevent crime commitments of assailants who infringes on Approach Restraining Orders by using their locational information provided by IoT-based smart devices.

This research has been devised to observe an correlation between the degrees of successes of Korean films and social crime trends that occurred in between 1998 and 2016, the era of economic crisis. For the reason, having that the increasing crime rates since the IMF economic crisis and 2008 sub-prime mortgage intensified the structural instability of Korean society in consideration, the patterns dealing with crimes in successful typical Korean movies have been analyzed and the correlation between the trends of crime films which were accepted by the public and the patterns of crimes in realities has been concerned. Two films, and of the Top 20 successful films between 1998 and 2007, describes the ‘psychopath’ as an ‘invisible enemy’ rather than violent crimes such as rape, murder and rubbery those days, thus, confirmed the intensive interests of the public to ‘psychopath’. Furthermore, the two films are positioned at the lower range of the Top 20 successful films, hence, it is identifiable that crime films faces comparatively stronger difficulties in drawing the continuous interests of the public. Crime films among the Top 20 successful films between 2008 and 2016 were (Veteran) and (A Violent Prosecutor) Both reenacted an ‘authoritative’ corruption that is not closely relevant to the increasing ‘property crimes’ those days, in association with ‘psychopathic’ criminals. Therefore, it was deducible that there is little correlation between the social crime trends and the successes of Korean films at the era of economic crisis.

Since 9/11, terrorism has been widely recognized as a significant political and social problem, with countries all over the world increasing their counterterrorism efforts. In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created in 2002 to consolidate 22 federal agencies into one massive department focused on keeping the country safe, largely through antiterrorism and counterterrorism efforts. DHS also coordinates ef-forts on the state, county, and local levels to enhance police terrorism preparedness, since local law enforcement will likely be first responders in the event of a terrorist attack. In fact, in 2016, DHS allocated $1.6 billion in grant funding to prepare state and local law enforcement to prevent and respond to such attacks as part of their “Na-tional Preparedness and Resilience” priorities. Most of the local agencies in this initiative are smaller law enforcement agencies with 1-25 full-time employ-ees. What is the level of terrorism preparedness of these small agencies and what factors influence that level of preparedness? Recent research has explored terrorism’s etiology and law enforcement’s preparedness on its risk. Some argue that police risk perceptions or police interactions with a larger agency influence the level of homeland security preparedness. However, there is a lack of empirical research on the determinants of police homeland security preparedness. The present study will empirically analyze the effect of police terrorism risk perceptions and police interactions on the level of police homeland security preparedness. Contingency theory is used as an explanatory framework to understand risk perception, organizational be-havior, and preparedness. To address gaps in the literature regarding homeland security policing, the present study simultaneously tests hypotheses derived from contingency theory, namely, whether police terrorism risk perceptions effectively influence the level of police homeland security preparedness and whether police agency’s interactions with a larger agency effectively influence the level of police homeland security preparedness. This study uses data from a national survey of 350 small municipal law enforcement agencies from March 2011 to June 2011 in the United States. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that police terrorism risk perceptions and frequent interactions with a larger agency are positively associated with the level of home-land security preparedness in small law enforcement agencies in the United States. In other words, the primary findings from this study indicate that police agencies with higher levels of perceived terrorism risk and interac-tions with a larger agency are more likely to enhance their preparedness for future terrorism and cyber terrorism incidents. The contributions, limitations and suggestions for the future study were discussed in discussions and conclusion.

The purpose of this study is to examine how fear of crime influences on awareness of severity to sex offense. By examining the impact of crime perceived safety on the severity of sex offense through statistical testing, the purpose of this study is to determine whether the fear of some parts of sex offense significantly influences the severity of sex offense. In addition, it aims to examine whether Recognition for Police Activity has mediator effect between awareness to severity of sex offense. Based on 1,064 cases of the secondary material through e-mail research and random telephone interview for 1,100 people as study subjects of a customer evaluation group of policing policy of the National police agency excluding 54 cases of missing data, it confirmed the effect that recognition of fear of crime and crime prevention activity affects to severity of sex offense through multiple re-gression analysis by utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics 21. In addition, Sobel test was conducted to confirm that the mediating variable of the recognition of police activity was partial or complete and to verify the mediator effect. As a result, a group that answered that sex offense should be eradicated for the first was resulted 528 people that is 50.5% of whole answerer, which is 204 people of male and 324 people of female. It was confirmed that all the factors of crime influence on the cognitive variables of crime prevention activities among the fear of crime. The variables affecting to the severity of sexual offense were identified as the fear of sex offense, school violence, and police activity. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the fear of sex offense and school violence has a significant effect on the recognition of severity of sex offense, and the Sobel-test showed that the recognition of the police's crime prevention activity was significant as a parameter between all independent variables and the de-pendent variables of perception of sex offense severity. It was confirmed that the results of the analysis were different according to the analysis model. However, it was confirmed that the perceived safety of the sex offense and the police's crime prevention activity affects to the recognition of severity to sex offense of the citizen. There-fore, patrol activities and patrolling activities for fear of sex offense, and polices to reduce the number of criminal cases such as police's crime prevention activity seems to be required.