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  • Purpose: This study seeks to examine whether the students who experience difficult vocational curricula can form a healthy vocational mindset and career efficacy based on teachers’ support and career path-related counseling. Moreover, it aims to determine whether students undergoing the vocational education consignment course do, in fact, take up a related career. Method: A total of 624 senior students participated at Ahyeon Industrial Information School. The questionnaire survey was conducted twice. A total of four questions regarding career path counseling were asked, to be scored on a 6-point scale; a total of six questions regarding teachers’ support and another four regarding the learning self were asked, both scored on a 5-point scale; and four questions were asked about career efficacy, to be scored on a 4-point scale. Results: According to the results of the statistical model based on the social cognitive theory, career path counseling and teachers’ support, which correspond to environmental factors, seem to influence the formation of the learning self. The teachers’ support and career path-related counseling influenced career efficacy; however, when the learning self question was added, the relevant effect was not directly demonstrated. Conclusion: The career path-related counseling and teachers’ support also had an effect on the formation of the learning self, and the learning self which was formed had a large effect on the development of career efficacy. Furthermore, career efficacy had a significant effect on career path maturity, mastery approach goal, and performance approach goal, suggesting that it is a powerful factor in helping students make their career path decisions. This study is expected to make a meaningful contribution to reminding them of the need for teachers’ support and career path counseling to help improve students’ learning self and career efficacy when designing game-related content vocational education programs.
    Keyword:Career Path-Related Education, Game-Related Content Vocational Education, Learning Self, Career Efficacy, Korean Secondary Students
  • Purpose: This study prohibits discrimination against the disabled and, in order to correct it, based on the grand principle of guaranteeing the equal rights of the disabled and prohibiting discrimination, Revision of the Constitution for the substantial realization of equal rights in the direction of realizing practical equality, demand for protection and treatment in consideration of the obstacles to mandatory provision of legitimate convenience, It is required to prohibit discrimination against non-compliance, strengthen support for vocational competency development, prohibit direct/indirect discrimination, and protect basic living rights. Therefore, the purpose is to solve this problem Method: Based on the existing prior thesis, it is an attempt to compare and analyze the current law, previous studies, and foreign legislative cases, and to implement a new Act on the Prohibition of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities. Results: The issues and improvement measures of the current Act on the Prohibition of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities in Korea for the realization of equal rights for persons with disabilities were presented in three specific results. First, Amendment of the disabled related policy as the provisions for the basic principles in the constitution. Second, specific regulations on guaranteeing the right to equality of the disabled and prohibiting discrimination against disability Third, it is a right regulation for guaranteeing human life and social equality of the disabled. Conclusion: This study proposed alternatives to protecting the disabled and prohibiting discrimination against the disabled in the lack of legislation related to the prohibition of discrimination against the disabled and revising the Constitution to realize the right to equality for the disabled.
    Keyword:Disabled Discrimination Prohibition Act, Discrimination Against the Disabled, Practical Right to Equality, Basic Rights, Lack of Legislation
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and understand the effects of oxidation potential solution treatment which does not cause an environmental pollution and hair damages when hair is damaged by repeated washing, perming, and dyeing of wigs, etc., and this study is meaningful in that it provides the basic data which may properly be use for an environmentally friendly oxidation potential solution in the field of beauty. Method: Soak the damaged and tangled wigs in a reduction potential solution of pH 11 for 30 minutes to remove wastes and shampoo, then apply the treatment and let it sit naturally for 30 minutes, then classified the control group which rinsed clinic with tap water without undergoing the oxidative potential water treatment and the experimental group which rinsed clinic with the oxidation potential solution, thereby comparatively analyzing the extent of entanglement, elasticity, and gloss of the hair. Results: First, the hair was immersed in a reduction potential solution of pH 11 for 30 minutes, then shampooed. Consequently, it was discovered that both the experimental group and the control group did not get their hair entangled any more. Second, the control group at which the treatment was rinsed with tap water had even more entangled hair and even after they were combed, they looked stretched and poor. In the experimental group which rinsed with the oxidation potential solution, the tangled hair became loose, combing was made easier, and the hair's gloss and softness turned out relatively well. Conclusion: Based on the information above, it was demonstrated that the extent of damages for the control group’s wigs without the oxidation potential solution treatment increased during shampooing, while the experimental group’s wigs treated with the oxidation potential solution demonstrated little damages and maintained elastic hair. This is because the product is completed by removing the cuticles from the hair with acid treatment during the wig’s manufacturing process to prevent the entanglement of the hair, and hence, with an alkaline shampoo, almost no cuticles are left behind, making them rough, and the loss of polypeptide in the hair increases the damages. Meanwhile, the oxidation potential solution(pH 2-11) has a lower chlorine concentration compared to the general chlorine based disinfectants, and hence, it is easy to decompose and does not cause environmental pollution, and it was also confirmed that there is no further damage caused to the hair as there is no secondary damage given the residues because it is reduced to its properties.
    Keyword:Wig Damage Related Repair, Protection Clinic, Oxidation Potential Solution, Reduction Potential Solution, Polypeptide
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to address the horizontal fiscal imbalance caused by the financial decentralization of local governments in Korea, and propose a direction for the introduction of the horizontal fiscal equalization system for the protection of financially lagging area. Method: To achieve the purpose of this study, the primary details of the first phase of financial decentralization were confirmed based on the theory of the financially lagging area and the horizontal mediation system. Furthermore, the regional synergistic development fund, which is a similar system currently implemented, and the direction of its introduction, were examined. Results: As a result of the study, first, the fact the regional balanced distribution is very much needed through the protection of financially lagging area and the regional solidarity was confirmed. Second, to introduce the horizontal fiscal equalization system, it is necessary to provide a direction for the introduction of the system which may achieve a basic agreement among the local governments, which are direct stakeholders. Third, the form of the system is introduced as a fund, and an expansionary system’s development plan based on the existing regional synergistic development fund system may be considered. Fourth, it is necessary to use the local consumption tax in terms of adequacy and stability of the financial resources and relaxing the tax revenue imbalance between the local governments in connection with the fiscal decentralization. Fifth, as for the distribution index, it is necessary to use to the farthest extent possible the variables related to population, population characteristics, per capita income, and area, which are among the variables beyond the control of local governments. Sixth, it is necessary for the principal of management to secure a sufficient size for the local government for spending the financial resources. Conclusion: The horizontal fiscal equalization system ought to, first, pursue a comprehensive development of balance for the region, and second, aim to address the gap in financial power between the regions, and third, be introduced in the form of complementing the vertical financial mediation.
    Keyword:Financial Decentralization, Horizontal Fiscal Equalization System, Protection of Financially Lagging Area, Regional Synergistic Development Fund, Regional Solidarity
  • Purpose: This study has analyzed the differences between fun, flow, and self-directed learning according to the background variables and the characteristics of senior citizens participating in the Health Qigong program with a view to use them as the basic data for the senior citizens’ health education. Method: Participants in this study were 241 elderly people participating in the Health Qigong program at senior welfare centers, senior centers, and public health centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea. As an analysis method, MANOVA was conducted to examine the differences in fun, flow, and self-directed learning according to background characteristics such as age, education, training experience, number of training sessions, and residence type, which are background variables of the elderly. Results: As a result of study, the fun variable, flow variable, and the self-directed learning variable demonstrated differences each according to the demographic background variable. In particular, it was evident that the demographic characteristics of age, training experience, and number of training sessions demonstrated the statistically significant differences for fun, flow, and self-directed learning. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the possibility that very active physical activities and related experiences for the senior citizens for health intervention would bring about the self-directed learning through the experiences of fun and flow, which in turn might impact the improvement of the quality of life for the old age. It confirmed that in terms of the operation of the Health Qigong program, it is necessary to accommodate the needs by age, experience, and number of training sessions, and also induce the senior citizens participating in the exercises to participate in the program positively through the development of the Health Qigong program towards that end.
    Keyword:Health Qigong, Senior Citizens, Fun, Flow, Self-Directed Learning
  • Purpose: This study, the focus group interview was utilized to explore in depth the perceptions and attitude towards the effects of meridian massage and thermotherapy, which are widely used by and at beauty & health multi shops as the pain relief intervention programs. Method: As for the study participants, 16 participants and managers who have used meridian massage and thermotherapy of the beauty health multi shop for 10 years or longer were selected by a nomadic sampling method through an expert meeting. The focus group interview was conducted by dividing the users and participants of meridian massage and thermotherapy into 2 groups. As for the analysis of contents, attempts were made to categorize the data through open coding and axial coding via systematic methods of the qualitative research Results: As a result of conducting the group interview on the perceptions and attitude of the users and managers of the beauty health multi shop on the pain relief programs, 4 areas, 14 themes, and 92 categories were derived as a result of performing the repeated comparative analysis of data, and the common contents among the groups were confirmed in an integrated manner. Conclusion: In this study, the perceptions and attitude of the users and managers concerning the meridian massage and thermotherapy, which are used as pain relief programs at and by beauty & health multi shop, were confirmed by using the focus group interview. Various and factual opinions were ascertained based on the results of this study, and it is well expected that they will be used as the basic data for the non-medical health care service area moving forward.
    Keyword:Meridian Massage, Hyperthermia, Perception, Attitude, Focus Group Interview
  • Purpose: This study was conducted by using a phenomenological approach among the qualitative research methods, which is an inductive narrative method, with a view to examine in greater depth as to what changes are taking place in the women's perception of beauty care after COVID-19. Method: As for the research participants, 8 women who are serving in the beauty and health related industry in Korea were selected via the purposive sampling method. As for the data analysis of the in-depth interview contents, the 4-step phenomenological analytical method proposed by Giorgi was used, and to secure the validity of the study, the 8 evaluation criteria of the phenomenological research proposed by Cresswell for the validity strategy of the qualitative study were applied mutatis mutandis. Furthermore, to secure the reliability of the study, the truth value, applicability, consistency, and neutrality proposed by Guba and Lincoln were applied. Results: Results of the study, 113 semantic units, 20 sub-components, and 6 elements were eventually derived. The contents of the components were identified to be the changes in the perception of information search, changes in the interest of beauty, positive perception of evaluation according to wearing a mask, negative perception of evaluation according to wearing a mask, observation of other people's appearance management and information exchange, and the changes in the interpersonal perception. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was verified that the Korean women's perception of beauty care has changed, and that it is transforming into the beauty behaviors for the rational consumption according to the situation due to the social disaster of the COVID-19. It is expected that such research results will be used as the behavioral scientific data on the changes in the women's beauty care in the future era of infectious diseases.
    Keyword:COVID-19, Women, Experience, Perception, Beauty Care
  • Purpose: This study sought to examine the effect of core job characteristics, which is a concept related to the protection of medical skincare workers, on the organizational effectiveness with a focus on the mediating effect of self-efficacy. The aim is to help facilitate the development of the beauty service industry by promoting the achievement of organizational goals by securing professional manpower with job performance skills and by elevating the quality of the customer satisfaction services. Method: In this study, 405 copies of the online questionnaires for the medical skincare workers serving at skincare rooms and plastic surgery clinics by utilizing the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. To validate the effect of the core job characteristics of medical skincare workers on the organizational effectiveness by mediating self-efficacy, a 3 phased hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed following the validation procedures of the mediating effect proposed by Baron & Kenny(1986) and the Sobel test was conducted to validate the mediating effect. Results: As a result of carrying out a 3 phased hierarchical multiple regression analysis in this study, in the first phase, among the sub-factors of the core job characteristics, which are the independent variables, job importance, feedback, job diversity, and autonomy, excluding job identity, were found to have sequentially impacted positively on the parameter of self-efficacy. In the second phase, among the sub-factors of the core job characteristics, which are the independent variables, autonomy, feedback, and job importance were found to have sequentially impacted positively on the dependent variable of organizational effectiveness. Lastly, the parameter self-efficacy and the independent variables of autonomy and feedback were found to have a positive effect on the organizational effectiveness. In the result of the Sobel test additionally conducted to validate the mediating effect, it was found that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship where job importance and feedback are impacting the organizational effectiveness. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, it was validated that the job importance and feedback of the medical skincare workers increase the self-efficacy, and the increased self-efficacy in turn increases the organizational effectiveness. Hence, if self-efficacy is increased by providing feedback through education and a systematic inspection of their job with supervisors and colleagues for the perception of the importance of job for the members of organization, it will not only bring a positive effect on the performance of the organization, but also protect the employees, thereby promoting the achievement of organizational goals via efficient manpower management.
    Keyword:Medical Skincare, Core Job Characteristics, Self-Efficacy, Organizational Effectiveness, Job Importance
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide implications for efficient manpower management and successful organizational performance by identifying the influential factors that internal marketing and career motivation have on job satisfaction and organizational commitment for medical skincare workers Method: This study used the SPSS 22.0 program as an empirical method of analyzing 350 copies of an online survey conducted among medical skincare workers in 17 cities and provinces nationwide and performed multiple regression analysis to examine the effects of internal marketing and career motivation on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results: As a result of this study, the hypothesis 1, internal marketing will affect job satisfaction, showed that internal communication has a significant positive(+) effect on intrinsic satisfaction and management support, internal communication, and compensation systems have a significant positive(+) effect on extrinsic satisfaction. In the hypothesis 2, career motivation will affect job satisfaction, it was found that career insight, career resilience, and career identity have a significant positive(+) effect on intrinsic satisfaction while career resilience and career identity have a significant positive(+) effect on extrinsic satisfaction.Similarly,in hypothesis 3, job satisfaction will affect organizational commitment, intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction were found to have a significant positive(+) effect on organizational commitment. Conclusion: Identifying and presenting internal marketing factors to achieve career goals and satisfy workers through this studyiscrucial for organizational performance.Therefore, it is deemed necessary to provide opportunities for career development activities through smooth communication between management and workers, education, training, and compensation policiesto protect the work of medical skincare workers by creating a work environment that satisfies and encourages them to actively concentrate on their work even in unfavorable situations.
    Keyword:Medical Skincare Workers, Internal Marketing, Career Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment
  • Purpose: Body composition status is influenced by changes in sex hormones, and this status is also closely related to normal daily life and the risk of various chronic diseases. On the other hand, the relative length of the second and fourth fingers(2D:4D ratio) has been proposed as a marker of prenatal androgen action of sensitivity to testosterone, with a lower 2D:4D being associated with high androgen exposure.In this study, it was examined the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and various body composition parameters measured by bioelectric impedance analysis(BIA) in young adults to determine the usability of the 2D:4D ratio as a predictor of finger length- related diseases. Method: Ninety-three healthy individuals(60 men and 33 women, age 17-19 years) participated. Subjects’ body weight and height were measured, and body mass index(BMI) was calculated. Body fat mass, % body fat, % abdominal fat, skeletal mass, % muscle mass, and % bone mineral density was measured using BIA. SMI(skeletal muscle index) was calculated. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers of the right and left hands were measured using a electronic digital caliper, and the 2D:4D ratio and difference of the digit ratio between the right and left hands(Dr-l) were also calculated. The differences in anthropometric and body composition variables between males and females was analyzed using independent t-test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between finger length measures(the 2D:4D ratio and Dr-l) and body composition parameters. The significance level was considered as p ≤ 0.05 at all stages. Results: In this study, significant sexually dimorphic differences were found in all results of the anthropometric measures and body composition parameters, excluding Dr-l and % abdominal fat. The height and weight of men were significantly higher than that of women, and the variable related to fat-free mass of men among body composition was significantly higher than that of women. On the other hand, women were significantly higher than men in variables related to body fat mass. As the main findings about the correlation results between the finger length measures and the body composition parameters, there was a significant difference in the 2D:4D ratio between males and females, but all variables except male muscle mass were not significantly correlated with finger length measures. Conclusion: Although the 2D:4D ratio has been proposed as a marker of prenatal androgen action and of sensitivity to testosterone, these results found in this study suggest that finger length measures may not be a preventive indicator for predicting body composition differences and diseases associated with sex hormones and finger length parameters.
    Keyword:Protection, Aging, Androgen, Disease, Finger Length Ratio