All Articles

  • Purpose: It was self-evident that nationalism emerged as the Soviet Union, which had the largest number of ethnic groups on the planet, disbanded. The result of the dominant ethnic group's failure to maintain equal relations without discrimination between ethnic groups as it integrates minorities nationally is inevitably an expression of conflict in the democratization process. The purpose of this paper is to study what ethnic conflicts have occurred in the region since the formation of the CIS. Method: In the past, Ukraine and Georgia, newly independent countries in the Soviet region, faced the problem of separation of minorities domestically. The separation of Donetsk and Luhansk in Ukraine, the Abkhazia conflict and the South Ossetia conflict in Georgia are examples. Therefore, I analyze these examples in this paper. Results: In Donetsk and Luhansk states of Ukraine, Russia directly intervened in the claims of separation and subsequent civil war, including military mobilization and support, and in Georgia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia demanded separation from Georgia. Through the conflict, Russia strengthened its influence in these regions. Conclusion: The separation between the Ukrainian and Georgian conflicts from other conflicts in the Eastern Europe of the post-Cold War was that there was direct military intervention by Russia, which escalated the conflict between the United States and Russia. In the future, Russia is expected to actively respond to the threat of Russia's security due to nationalist political movements of ethnic minorities within the CIS.
    Keyword:Soviet Union, CIS, Cold War, Ethnic Disputes, National Security
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate and analyze whether the military culture innovation, which has been being promoted since 2014, is doing well through a survey of Army soldiers on "A Survey on the Feelings of Military Culture Innovation." In particular, a qualitative performance analysis of military culture innovation was conducted through a survey on the awareness and satisfaction of soldiers who are experiencing military culture innovation in personally. Method: In this work, we selected suitable questions for the study through factor analysis of the SPSS program and conducted the study in two main ways on selected questions. The first is to conduct an analysis of the performance of military culture innovation through the average of the selected detailed questions for each part on the five implementations of military culture innovation. Second, we divided the officers and soldiers among the survey respondents to see if the results of their survey on the level of military culture innovation showed a difference, and analyzed whether the difference was significant through the SPSS program's independent sample T test. Results: The results of the analysis conducted using selected questions through factor analysis are as follows: First, as a result of the analysis of the feeling of military culture innovation, we produced positive results that we are "somewhat satisfied" with all five implementations. Second, there was a significant difference between the officer group and the soldier group in terms of the sense of military culture innovation. Conclusion: This study was conducted using the most survey results among the performance analysis of military culture innovation that has ever been done, so the reliability is very high. In addition, it is of great value in that it analyzed quality performance based on the feelings and thoughts of soldiers who are experiencing military culture innovation directly, not performance analysis relying on quantitative results. Through this, we hope that it will help to accurately diagnose the current military culture innovation and find constructive improvements in the future.
    Keyword:Performance, Military Culture, Innovation, Barracks, Achievements
  • Purpose: The hegemony competition between the United States and China is one of the most crucial topics of world politics in the 21st century. As China's innovation in science, technology, and high-tech industries grow rapidly, the United States is enacting restrictions to regulate this critical situation. This paper searched for the motives for their political actions, the primary differences between the U.S.-China competition for technological hegemony, and their national policies. Method: This paper examined the differences in U.S.-China national policies through geopolitics. The usefulness of geopolitics, the characteristics of continental and maritime countries, and the Huawei incident which clearly indicates the cross-section of the U.S.-China technological competition, these factors were analyzed to find the answer to the research question. Results: The contrast in technology competition and technology policies between the U.S. and China can be summarized as a difference in culture and perception. The difference comes from China's 'Confucian and family like discussion' and America's 'individualistic, bottom-up, and democratic' lifestyle. In addition, the Huawei issue is a conflict of economic ideology between the United States and China with regards to the relationship between business and state. Conclusion: The difference in policy between the U.S. and China can be defined as a difference in basic culture and perception. Therefore if the main reason that the United States suspects Huawei comes from the aforementioned fundamental differences in national thought, this could not only be a problem that is difficult to solve, but also a starting point of a dispute that could continue to be a problem in the future.
    Keyword:Geopolitics, Huawei, Continental Nation, Maritime Nation, Technology Competition
  • Purpose: It is the era of talking about post-corona beyond the corona era. Corona is having a rapid impact on society as a whole. Many scholars predict that the pandemic will not stop as a single event, but will become daily life with a different name. With the rapid development of various media such as working from home and social media, it has become an era that requires more individual initiative. Coaching can be the most needed skill in this pandemic era. Social interest in coaching is also increasing. The pandemic is further increasing the need for coaching. In this paper, we look at the research trend of coaching in the times, and especially suggest implications for coaching research methods in the military. Method: In order to understand the research trends in the field of coaching, this study searched for doctoral dissertations on the RISS site of the Korea Education and Research Information Service. As a result, papers from 1992 to January 2021 were searched. The reason for the study of the doctoral dissertation is that it was judged that targeting the research results of researchers who entered the academic field as official experts provides data on stable re-search trends. First, 489 doctoral dissertations were searched, and through content analysis, doctoral dissertations with “coaching” were selected and compressed into a total of 210. The 210 papers were categorized through content analysis. Trend analysis through content analysis has the advantage of being able to implicitly show the research trend of a specific discipline. Afterwards, the selected papers were classified by period, research field, and major re-search field, and the trend of research was analyzed. Results: As a result of the analysis, the number of dissertations related to coaching has increased since '10, and exceeded 23 publications in '16. By research area, 53 in the field of education, 53 in the field of education, 40 in the field of sports, 37 in the field of business, 21 in general coaching, 23 in medicine, 18 in religion, 9 in public institutions, and 6 in career management. Was. The main research fields were 63 papers related to the ching program, 41 coaching leadership papers, 9 scale development papers, and 1 leadership coaching paper. In the case of public organizations, the number of papers decreases when compared to other fields, and in particular, military-related research was confirmed in three cases: coaching program development, effectiveness analysis, and coaching competency model development. Conclusion: Coaching requires active research and application in the military as well as the private sector. To this end, future research is necessary to expand the quantitative expansion of military-related coaching, group coaching and group coaching, etc., research in connection with group coaching and organizational culture improvement, and development of a coaching program for all executives. Finally, through the development of a leadership coaching diagnostic tool that reflects the characteristics of each group, we measure the current level of leaders and propose research and development of educational programs.
    Keyword:Coaching, Military Coaching, Content Analysis, Meta Analysis, Public Institutions
  • Purpose: The Purpose of this article is to analyze the smart power strategy to the peace process on the Korean Peninsula and to suggest alternatives to build permanent peace building efforts. This paper seeks to answer a key question regarding building a peace regime. What is South Korea’s smart power strategy for the peace regime building on the Korean Peninsula? Simultaneously, this paper also analyzes various South Korea’s domestic opinions over the North Korean nuclear issues. Method: This study analyzed ROK's Smart power strategies toward peace regime building on the Korean Peninsula. Smart Power means developing an integrated strategy, resource base, and tool kit to achieve objectives, drawing on both hard(military muscle, economic might) and soft power(economic aid, sharing culture). It is an approach that underscores the necessity of a strong military but also invests heavily in alliances, partnerships, and institutions at all levels to expand the state's influence and establish the legitimacy of the action. Results: The ROK’s smart power strategies to the peace process are as follows. First, in terms of using alliance, South Korea has to call for the U.S to foster a peace regime building on the Korean Peninsula while cooperating with the Biden administration's democratic principle and ideology. Second, in terms of using partnership, South Korea has to induce China to put pressure on the DPRK to abandon nuclear weapons. Third, in terms of using institutions, ROK and DPRK have to transform the current 9/19 inter-Korean military agreement of the initial operational arms control into systemic arms control through early notification of mutual military training. Conclusion: The essential components of smart power are using alliances, partnerships, and institutions, etc. In this context, South Korea has all the necessary elements of the ROK-US alliance and ROK-China economic partnership, and 9.19 inter-Korean military agreement. In the long and bumpy road of the peace regime building process, it needs strategic optimism in pushing ahead smart power strategies but in building defense posture, they need to be a strategic pessimist
    Keyword:Smart Power, Strategy, Peace Process, North Korea, Alliance
  • Purpose: The study applied Delphi and AHP method to analyze the factors that can promote Noncommissioned officers(NCO)’ field leadership in about 30 experts. Method: First, we will look at ‘NCO Comprehensive Development 2.0’ in conjunction with Defense Reform 2.0. Afterward, the Delphi method is applied to a group of experts to promote the survey items that affect the field leadership of NCO as three major factors and nine lower fields. Finally, the deciding factors are prioritized using AHP techniques. According to ‘NCO Comprehensive Development 2.0’, the army plans to make active efforts to ensure that NCO in the fourth industrial revolution era will become expert warriors in individual and small unit combat, leaders that soldiers follow on their own and connectors with smooth communication, by 2025. The survey of a group of experts applying the Delphi method conducted the first open questions and gradually induced the selective questions to reflect the expert’s feedback and finally completed the survey items. Results: The results of the AHP analysis and the Delphi method selected were found to have the highest identification of improvement in the working environment and organizational culture, followed by the selection and training of NCO and enhancement of leadership capabilities. Conclusion: The study is meaningful in analyzing the factors that could facilitate NCO’s field leadership by utilizing Delphi and AHP methods
    Keyword:NCO(Non-Commissioned Officer), Field Leadership, Fourth Industrial Revolution, HyperConnected Society, Defense Reform 2.0
  • Purpose: The purpose of the research in this paper is to derive the operating key of the manual that must be included in the preparation of the manual in order to prepare the field action manual that works at the disaster site. We want to contribute to preparing a manual of on-site action that can operate at disaster sites through critical reflection on the fact that many human casualties were caused by the failure of the prepared manual in each national disaster. The study will contribute to preparing manuals for disaster sites. Methods: Research on the field action manual is insufficient. In particular, there has been no research on the key to the field action manual to operate at the disaster site. Nevertheless, the need for this research is due to the urgent need to make manuals that do not work at disaster sites into manuals that can be operated. To this end, in addition to theoretical research, we would like to study based on the insights gained from our experience in the disaster scene and military experience as a professional career soldier. Results: Disaster relief agencies and various related agencies, including disaster relief agencies, will respond to disasters, and in order for them to properly respond to disasters, they must prepare manuals that can operate at disaster sites. In order for the manual to function properly at the disaster site, it must have a key to operate the manual. According to the research, the key to making the manual work at the disaster site is mission and golden time, decision making requirements, a resolution table, and various field information that affects decision making. Conclusion: The reason why the manual did not work at the disaster site was that there was no key for the manual to work. It is expected that the manual will be operated on the spot if the key for operation of the manual derived from this study is prepared by including the on-site action manual during peacetime, and regular training is conducted with the decision maker taking the initiative. It will also give insight to officials preparing and training manuals. We look forward to expanding further research on the working keys of the manual.
    Keyword:Field Action Manual(FAM), Manual Operation Key, Mission, Decision, Disaster Site Information
  • Purpose: The purpose of the research in this paper is to derive the operating key of the manual that must be included in the preparation of the manual in order to prepare the field action manual that works at the disaster site. We want to contribute to preparing a manual of on-site action that can operate at disaster sites through critical reflection on the fact that many human casualties were caused by the failure of the prepared manual in each national disaster. The study will contribute to preparing manuals for disaster sites. Methods: Research on the field action manual is insufficient. In particular, there has been no research on the key to the field action manual to operate at the disaster site. Nevertheless, the need for this research is due to the urgent need to make manuals that do not work at disaster sites into manuals that can be operated. To this end, in addition to theoretical research, we would like to study based on the insights gained from our experience in the disaster scene and military experience as a professional career soldier. Results: Disaster relief agencies and various related agencies, including disaster relief agencies, will respond to disasters, and in order for them to properly respond to disasters, they must prepare manuals that can operate at disaster sites. In order for the manual to function properly at the disaster site, it must have a key to operate the manual. According to the research, the key to making the manual work at the disaster site is mission and golden time, decision making requirements, a resolution table, and various field information that affects decision making. Conclusion: The reason why the manual did not work at the disaster site was that there was no key for the manual to work. It is expected that the manual will be operated on the spot if the key for operation of the manual derived from this study is prepared by including the on-site action manual during peacetime, and regular training is conducted with the decision maker taking the initiative. It will also give insight to officials preparing and training manuals. We look forward to expanding further research on the working keys of the manual.
    Keyword:Field Action Manual(FAM), Manual Operation Key, Mission, Decision, Disaster Site Information
  • Purpose: This study aims to explore a new market called fintech, a combination of finance and technology; analyze Toss Corporation's innovation strategy, which secured high innovation performance and market share; and present ideas that can be applied to the military based on a simple remittance technology. Method: To analyze Toss's management strategy, we examined its profit-making model that helped maintain a competitive advantage and analyzed the market. In addition, the new innovative technologies for the promotion of fintech enterprises and security of the remittance technology were analyzed, along with applicable improvements. Results: Toss maximized user convenience with its innovative “remittance technology” and achieved low-cost, high-efficiency promotion through Social Network Services. It has also proven to be a very safe system through its innovative security features that can also be applied to military organizations. On the system side, a user-centered security regulation and system construction method that combines security enhancement and convenience through the need for a more convenient working environment, the applicability of bio-certification systems, and security accountability were proposed. Conclusion: The analysis of Toss's innovation strategy shows that in order to succeed, a company must either explore new markets through idea development and innovation or provide customized services in a fully specialized user-friendly manner. The military also needs to take immediate and flexible action, such as continuing to find ways to reduce inefficiency due to various security regulations and corresponding materials through such case studies.
    Keyword:Fintech, Toss, Biometrics, Innovation, Security Responsibility
  • Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate the differences in leaders' followership in the Korean police organization according to the total length of service and the length of service at the security department with 91 trainees of the Police Human Resources Development Institute as the research subjects. Method: For the data processing of this study, using the SPSS 23.0 program, frequency analysis was conducted to identify the general characteristics of the research subjects, and Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the questionnaire. One-way ANOVA was conducted to find out the differences in leaders's followership according to the total length of service as a police officer and the length of service at the security department, and Chi-Square was conducted to find out the connection between the total length of service and the length of service at the security department. Results: This study found that leaders' followership varies between police officers depending on their total length of service. It was also shown that leaders' followership varies between police officers depending on their length of service at the security department. In addition, there was a connection between the total length of service and the length of service at the security department. Conclusion: The results confirmed through this study are believed to be fully utilized as basic data for the development of programs for improving the followership of police officers working in the security department, but since it is a verification of individual items of the followership, there will be limitations in identifying the differences in overall followership effects according to the length of service
    Keyword:Military Affairs, National Police, Security Department, Police Officer, Followership