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  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the perception of the Poomsae competition among the athletes participating in the Free style Poomsae competition and explore future-oriented improvement measures based on this. Method: Accordingly examine the researchers collected data from the subjects through in-depth interviews, which is a qualitative research method, to achieve the purpose of the research. This led to a comprehensive conclusion. Results: First, the players said that the Free style Poomsae competition was important for the colorful and difficult acrobatic and technical kicks, which are different from the existing Poomsae. Secondly, the poor scoring of kicks required by the current the Free style Poomsae scoring system is causing difficulties for many players, as they are judged by the judge's subjective judgment on the field. Third, unlike authorized Poomsae because the frame is not set, the Free style Poomsae perform various techniques within the time limit. Fourth, he mentioned that the current international sports Poomsae competition has different directions, and that athletes are practicing skills with a lot of emphasis on acrobatic rather than preparing for two things. Fifth, for the revitalization of the freestyle Poomsae, the competition was the biggest. Conclusion: By lowering the barriers of scoring technology, the participation rate should be increased by creating the Free style Poomsae stadium culture where players of all ages can easily participate. If you can produce and participate in the competition by utilizing the spirit and traditional movements of Taekwondo, not by kicking, acrobatic, or gymnastic skills, it will greatly affect the participation rate of Poomsae competition.
    Keyword:Taekwondo, Free Style Poomsae, Perception, Improvement, Poomsae Players
  • Purpose: This study sought to analyze the American Taekwondo curriculum and standardize the American Taekwondo curriculum to ensure that it can meet the Taekwondo educational goals pursued by Kukkiwon, the world Taekwondo headquarters. The standardized American Taekwondo curriculum will contribute to the educational use of Taekwondo in the United States. Method: As one of the data collection methods to study social and cultural phenomena, the method of collecting necessary information through existing literature data was selected. This thesis was approached as a qualitative research method that collects data and interprets the meaning of the phenomenon through the intuitive insight of the researcher. Results: The world Taekwondo headquarters, Kukkiwon dispatches the Kukkiwon masters to 53 countries to teach and evaluate Taekwondo according to the standard curriculum. However, the US does not currently have a Kukkiwon master dispatched. Moving forward, the Kukkiwon masters should be dispatched to supply the standard curriculum relative to the Taekwondo training population. The “Taekwondo Standard Curriculum” presented by Kukkiwon and the Korea Taekwondo Association in 2019 divided the subjects to be completed by the non-Poom-and-Dan-holders and Poom and Dan holders into the mandatory and optional courses. 1) Non-Poom-and-Dan-holders must complete the training period(40 hours x 9 levels = 360 hours) for 40 hours of unit time for each level from level 1 through level 9, respectively. 2) As for 1 Poom and Dan holders, the time of completion for each unit is 80 hours, with the time of completion for the training period(80 hours x 3 units = 240 hours), and as for 2 Poom and Dan holders, the time of completion for each unit is 80 hours, with the time of completion for the training period(80 hours x 6 units = 480 hours), as for 3 Poom and Dan holders, the time of completion for each unit is 80 hours, with the time of completion for the training period(80 hours x 9 units = 720 hours), and as for 4 Poom and Dan holders, the time of completion for each unit is 80 hours, with the time of completion for the training period(80 hours x 12 units = 960 hours) are required, respectively. Conclusion: That is, for the Taekwondo curriculum, the trainees should not only comply with the period required after the promotion of Poom and Dan, but also should be required to complete the mandatory training time, thereby making it an even more effective approach toward achieving the educational goal of Taekwondo.
    Keyword:Taekwondo, Curriculum, History, Grandmaster, Subject
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore essential technical training plans for Taekwondo freestyle Poomsae and present systematic and specialized training plans to instructors. In order to achieve this research purpose, this study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Method: The purpose of this study is to explore essential technical training plans for Taekwondo freestyle Poomsae and present systematic and specialized training plans to instructors. In order to achieve this research purpose, this study was conducted using a qualitative approach of literature review and in-depth interviews. Results : First, 1)jump side kick(Leap training using high speed, obstacle crossing training, and repetitive exercise to raise one's leaping foot to the thigh) 2)jump front kick(Training of kicking the first foot at the same time of the leap, the snap kick training in a sitting position, and the training to hit a target) 3)rotating kick(Stride training, holding the axis of rotation training, two-way rotation training) 4)consecutive sparring kick(Step training using a jump rope, repeating knee raising training, and various tactical training in actual sparring competitions) 5)acrobatic movements(Handstand training and training for using the strength of the upper body with push-ups). Second, as training for injury prevention, leap, and landing, strength exercises(squats, conventional deadlift, leg press) to improve posture balance and irregular physical training that changes heart rate to check the heart rate of actual compe-tition situations are to be conducted. Third, efforts should be made to create a stable training environment for freestyle Poomsae training by providing equipment and tools such as air mats and landing mats for the athletes to stably train essential skills of freestyle Poomsae. Conclusion: For each of the five essential skills of Taekwondo freestyle Poomsae, an efficient training method suitable for the characteristics of the skill is needed. In addition, players and instructors who train freestyle Poomsae need to improve their posture balance through training on high leaps and landing to prevent injuries. In addition, it is important to create a training environment suitable for the characteristics of the event for efficient training of freestyle Poomsae athletes.
    Keyword:Taekwondo, Freestyle Poomsae, Essential Skills, Training Program, Poomsae Players
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the leaders of Taekwondo to plan effectively their training programs by practically analyzing the training satisfaction and training continuation of the trainees according to the training program for the trainees who are practicing Taekwondo. Method: The subjects are elementary school 4-6 graders, middle school students, and high school students who are training Taekwondo in Jeon-la Province, and the total number of subjects are 305, and the data was processed through frequency analysis, independent t-test, One-Way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis, and the result is as follows. Results: First, regarding the satisfaction of training according to gender, women was higher than men at Taekwondo and body strength(p<.01), (p<.05). Regarding the satisfaction of training according to training period, the trainees who trained for less than 1 year was higher than the trainees who trained for more than 3 years at personality and leadership(p<.05). Regarding the satisfaction of training according to the objective of training, It was higher than the development of character at body strength(p<.05). Second, regarding the continuation of training according to having official grade, the trainees who have the official grade was higher than the trainees who was delayed at the will of conveying the know-how(p<.05). Regarding the continuation of training according to training period, the trainees who trained less than 1 year was higher than the trainees who trained more than 3 years at the will of conveying the know-how(p<.05). Third, regarding to the correlation between satisfaction and continuation of training according to Taekwondo training program, satisfaction of training showed statistically meaningful positive effect to continuation of training(p<.001). Fourth, regarding to satisfaction of training according to Taekwondo training program, Taekwondo, body strength, and leadership showed statistically meaningful positive effect at every lower grade factor of continuation of training, and personality showed statistically meaningful positive effect at the will of recommendation and the will of conveying know-how. Conclusion: Regarding to the correlation between satisfaction and continuation of training according to Taekwondo training program, satisfaction of training showed statistically meaningful positive effect to continuation of training. regarding to satisfaction of training ac-cording to Taekwondo training program, Taekwondo, body strength, and leadership showed statistically meaningful positive effect at every lower grade factor of continuation of training, and personality showed statistically meaningful positive effect at the will of recommendation and the will of conveying know how.
    Keyword:Training Satisfaction, Training Continuation, Taekwondo, Training Program, Trainee
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide useful information on physical fitness training to improve the performance of Taekwondo demonstration majors by identifying the characteristics of physical fitness factors according to the performance level of university Taekwondo demonstration members. Method: The subjects of this study are Taekwondo demonstration members enrolled in K University located in D city. The differences in body structure, physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint, and anaerobic exercise capacity were compared and analyzed for 3 male students in the national demonstration group and 3 male students in the general demonstration group. Results: As a result of measurement of body structure, physical fitness factors, isokinetic muscle function, and anaerobic exercise capacity of the national demonstration team and general students, there was no statistically significant difference between groups. However, through the results of this study, it was confirmed that the ratio of flexor and extensor muscles needs to be improved to an ideal ratio of 55% to 65% as suggested in previous studies to prevent damage to the lower extremities of general students. In addition, the standing long jump and sargent jump, side step, eyes closed and one leg standing, and knee joint isokinetic muscle power showed a higher tendency in the national demonstration group compared to the general students. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the measurement results of anaerobic exercise capacity. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is thought that it will be difficult to present the characteristics of the physical fitness factors according to the performance level of Taekwondo demonstration majors. However, considering the results of many previous studies and this study, it is thought that efforts to improve agility, power, and balance ability are needed to improve the performance of Taekwondo demonstration majors. It is judged that improvement of the flexion muscle/extension muscle ratio of the lower extremities is necessary to prevent additional injuries.
    Keyword:Taekwondo Demonstration, Performance, Physical Fitness Factors, Isokinetic Muscle Function, Anaerobic Exercise Capacity
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is, as a previous study to help prepare specific goals and plans for the university students of Taekwondo major, is to identify and analyze the major areas of interest and their extent of interest for the underclassmen university students in Taekwondo major. Method: To examine and understand the area of interest and the extent of interest of the university students of Taekwondo major, this study produced and conducted an open-ended survey questionnaire regarding religion, hobbies, Taekwondo major’s area of interest, and future hopes. As for the data collected based on the questionnaires, the SPSS 26.0 program was used. The frequency analysis was performed to analyze the general characteristics of the study participants and the extent of interest of their area of interest, and the data collected via the open-ended questionnaire were subjected to the inductive content analysis. Results: First, as a result of the inductive content analysis performed of the extent of interest for the hobby activities of the university students of Taekwondo major, the hobby activities were structured into 18 sub-areas, and the 18 sub-areas were further classified into the 5 general areas of physical activity(206), media activity(54), social group activity(37), literary activity(26), and others(6), respectively. In the general area, physical activity(62.61%) turned out to have the largest rate, followed by media activity(16.41%), social group activity(11.25%), and liter-ary activity(7.9%), in terms of the extent of interest hobbies, respectively. Second, the first year and second year university students of Taekwondo major who analyzed the Taekwondo major’s area of interest for the extent of interest of the university students of Taekwondo major turned out to have demonstration being the largest with 42 people(45.3%) among the 3 areas of Taekwondo of Poomsae, Sparring, and Demonstration, with 35 people(36.8%) for Poomsae, and 17 people(17.9%) for Sparring. Conclusion: If the areas of interests of the underclassmen university students identified based on the results of this study were utilized as the basic data, it will be possible for the university students to present specific goals for their future career paths and occupations after graduation through their upperclassmen years.
    Keyword:University, Taekwondo, Major, Area of Interest, Extent of Interest
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze pparun bal dollyuchagi(fast spin kick) motion of Taekwondo players, divided as outstanding ones and unskilled ones, to provide kinematic information on Taekwondo kicks and pparun bal dollyuchagi motion, and analyze differences in kicks between comparative groups. Method: The subjects of this study are Taekwondo players in their 20s who are attending the Taekwondo department at K University, five outstanding ones who have won prizes at domestic competitions and five unskilled ones who have not won competitions. Prior to the experiment, the subjects were asked for consent and explained how to proceed with the experiment. Kinematic data were collected using eight digital cameras. Statistical processing in this study was conducted using SPSS 22.0 software, and statistical analysis values were calculated as mean(M) and standard deviation(SD). An independent sample t-test was conducted to analyze the differences between groups, and the statistical significance probability was set to p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in the total execution time during the comparative analysis between the skilled and unskilled players of Jasebaqeo Pparunbal Dollyuchagi, and significant differences were found in the left and right variables of body center. Also, significant differences were found for each event in the hip, knee, and ankle joints of the lower extremities. Conclusion: According to the experiment, it is necessary to select an efficient hitting distance to improve the completeness of the pparun bal dollyuchagi motion, and to hit the target, the width of the center of mass displacement on the left and right sides must be small and balanced without shaking. The knee joint and ankle joint should be quickly extended when striking a target, then vertically moved quickly to perform a perfect motion. This study is considered significant in that it provided fundamental data necessary for the efficient performance of kicks.
    Keyword:Kinematic, Pparun Ball Dollyuchagi, Center of Mass, Time Required, Angle
  • Purpose: This study aims to explore the possibility as a sports event by analyzing the competition environment of traditional martial arts sports competitions of ethnic minorities in Gansu Province, China. Method: Based on literature research, competition events, performance, and participation status, we are going to explore the development and succession of traditional martial arts of Chinese ethnic minorities and the possibility of becoming competition sports in Gansu Province. Results: First, the development stages of the traditional martial arts competitions were distinguished by considering prior studies centered on the traditional martial arts sports competitions of Chinese ethnic minorities in Gansu province. Second, through the competition status of the traditional martial arts sports competition, the competition environment was analyzed and the cause of the events that entered the national martial arts competition was analyzed. Third, it is reported that it can be developed with regional festivals by expanding the Gansu martial arts sports festivals and the regional festivals. Lastly, through the major educational channels of schools, excellent national traditional martial arts programs will be transferred and developed to create synergies between traditional martial arts programs and school physical education, as well as well as promote and develop Chinese traditional martial arts culture. Conclusion: In order to explore the possibility of traditional Chinese martial arts sports competitions as national sports and further becoming school sports and sports events, educational and competitive support as a top priority should be based on Chinese physical education subjects. Various studies should be conducted to explore the possibility of Chinese physical education intangible cultural heritage as a global sport through the discovery, organization, distribution and promotion.
    Keyword:Chinese Ethnic, Traditional Martial Arts, Sports Competitions, Analysis on Competition Environment, Possibility
  • Purpose: For youth, in such a time where physical activities and self-concept development are vigorous, and at the same time, where physical activities are suppressed due to the stress of entrance exam related academic preparations, the negative impact of self-concept is an obstacle to their holistic development, and hence, it is important for them to develop a positive self-concept, which requires an effective method. Hence, in order to spread the participation in sports activities for leading a healthy and sound life through the self-realization of youth and correct physical self-concept, by examining the effects of youth generativity through participation in the martial arts training on social adaptation and social happiness, it would be meaningful in helping to develop the regular education programs for youth. Method: In this study, by using the youth participating in martial arts training as the population as of 2021, the sampling method was used to survey 300 people by using the convenience sampling method, and the survey was conducted by using the self-administration method, and among the recovered survey questionnaires, the questionnaire was used as a valid sample except for the data in which the response contents were insincere or some of the contents were omitted. The data processing of this study was frequency analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient calculation, factor analysis, and correlation analysis by using the SPSS 25.0 Program, a statistical package program. The multiple regression was used. Results: As a result of the factor analysis performed on generativity, social adaptation, and social happiness, it was consisted of 2 factors for generativity, 4 factors for social adaptation, and 4 factors for social happiness, and all factors turned out to be .05 or higher, respectively. As a result of the reliability validation performed, the Cronbach's α coefficient turned out to be between .952 and .673, and as a result of the correlation analysis performed, it turned out that there was a positive(+) relationship between all of the factors. It turned out that generativity influences social adaptation and social happiness. Conclusion: To achieve the purpose of the study, a conclusion was reached that generativity influences social adaptation and social happiness through the results of the questionnaire. It is necessary to maintain and improve optimism through the mental and physical health by continuously participating in physical activities including the martial arts training for youth, and there is also a need for an environment where the youth may freely participate in sports activities without any restrictions and the method or policy supported by policy. Furthermore, since the positive image of athletes by sport, including Taekwondo, is continuously used as a communication tool in the modern society, it ought to be used to promote and help improve the image of sports through advertisements for many sports athletes.
    Keyword:Martial Arts Training, Youth, Generativity, Social Adaptation, Social Happiness
  • Purpose: Prior studies related to athletic commitment have been conducted on various sports players, but studies on Taekwondo demonstrators are insufficient. Thus, it is deemed that measures should be prepared to expand the qualitative area of Taekwondo demonstration by exploring the appropriate level of athletic commitment. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Taekwondo demonstration team members' athletic commitment on psychological happiness and athletic sustainability and provide basic data for psychological research related to Taekwondo demonstration. Method: The data collection of this study was conducted for a total of seven days from 07/05/2021 to 07/11/2021. The research team fully explained the purpose and intent of the study to the leaders of college Taekwondo demonstration teams, sought their cooperation, and visited the training place or classroom to conduct the survey. The research team explained the purpose of the study and required the subjects to participate in the survey. Results: A correlation analysis was conducted to find out the correlation among factors such as athletic commitment, psychological happiness, and athletic sustainability of members of college Taekwondo demonstration teams. The Pearson correlation coefficient shows that the lowest correlation was found between cognitive commitment and reinforcement(r=.439, p<.01) and the highest correlation emerged between behavioral commitment and tendency(r=.708, p<.01). Conclusion: First, the Taekwondo demonstration team's athletic commitment did not affect their psychological happiness. Second, multiple regression analyses were conducted on the effects of athletic commitment on the tendency of Taekwondo demonstrators, and the results showed that cognitive commitment and behavioral commitment had a positive impact on tendency on a statistically significant level. In addition, multiple regression analyses were conducted on the effects of reinforcement, and the results showed that cognitive commitment and behavioral commitment had a positive effect on reinforcement at a statistically significant level. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses of the effects on possibility have shown that cognitive commitment, behavioral commitment have statistically significant levels and positive effects on athletic sustainability. Third, the psychological happiness of the Taekwondo demonstration team did not affect athletic sustainability.
    Keyword:Relationship, Taekwondo, Athletic Commitment, Psychological Happiness, Athletic Sustainability