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Experimental Study on SAFETY Estimation of Subgrade Modulus of In-Service Ballasted Tracks in KOREA

Vol.3 (No.2) 2018
Author
admin
Date
2018-06-30 10:37
Views
1650

Abstract


The subgrade modulus is an important parameter in the railway safety and the analysis of the behavior of a ballasted track. However, because such analyses often use the design subgrade moduli, their results seldom agree with those of finite element(FE) analyses, which use the theoretically determined subgrade moduli. Moreover, it is difficult to experimentally determine the subgrade modulus and spring stiffness of an in-service track because track components such as the ballast, sleepers, and rails are installed over the subgrade. In this study, the subgrade modulus of an in-service ballasted track was estimated by measuring the dynamic response of the track for railway safety. The subgrade modulus was further predicted from a proposed subgrade modulus map developed from the results of field tests and empirical equations for comparison with the design value. The rail displacement of the ballasted track was also predicted by an FE model that considers the spring stiffness at the rail support point, which includes the subgrade stiffness. It was confirmed that the subgrade modulus of an in-service ballasted track could be reliably predicted on the basis of the dynamic wheel load and rail displacement using the proposed subgrade modulus map.

Keyword:Railway Safety, Ballasted Track, Subgrade Modulus, Field Test, Finite Element Analysis
  • Purpose: This study aims to explore the awareness of health management among Korean police officers ac-cording to their working period. Health management ensures rapid on-site response and continuous work performance, and helps with stress management and accident prevention. Physical and mental health management is important for improving personal well-being and job performance efficiency. Ultimately, this will enhance trust among citizens and support sustainable operation of the organization. Therefore, this study will enable us to understand the current status of health management among Korean police officers. Method: The data processing of this study was conducted using the statistical package program SPSS 23.0 Program, and statistical verification was performed as follows according to the purpose of data analysis. First, frequency analysis was conducted using the SPSS/PC+23.0 program to identify general characteristics. Second, One Way ANOVA was conducted to identify differences in health management awareness according to working period. Results: This study explored the differences in health management awareness by working period of police officers, and the results of the study showed no significant differences in health management by working period. The reasons why health management has become important in Korea were analyzed as economic development, improved education level, development of medical technology, government policy, and changes in social awareness. Economic development increased income and accessibility to medical services, and improved education level activated health education. In addition, advanced medical technology and the national health insurance system promote early diagnosis and preventive treatment, and the government's health promotion policy and social Well-being trend can be seen as increasing health management awareness. Conclusion: First, we need to build a customized health care system to prevent and manage chronic diseases. Second, we need to eliminate the gap in access to medical services between urban and rural areas. Third, we need to strengthen education and training programs to improve the quality of medical personnel. Fourth, we need to improve the efficiency and accessibility of medical services through the introduction of digital healthcare. Finally, we need to strengthen international cooperation and global healthcare cooperation.
    Keyword:Healthcare, Working Period, Public Official, Police Officer, Special Characteristics of Korea
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how inattention & hyperactivity/impulsivity tendencies, and peer relationships among elementary school students interact and influence school bullying victimization. Method: This study involved 395 students from grades 4 to 6 in elementary schools located in the capital area. The participants were surveyed on inattention & hyperactivity/impulsivity tendencies, negative peer relationships, and levels of school bullying victimization. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The results of the analysis were as follows. Firstly, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and negative peer relationships in elementary school students were found to increase school bullying victimization. Secondly, these factors were found to interact with each other, further increasing the likelihood of school bullying victimization. Specifically, the following three pathways were identified as significant: ‘hyperactivity/impulsivity → inattention → school bullying victimization’, ‘ hyperactivity/impulsivity → negative peer relationship → school bullying victimization’, and ‘negative peer relationship → inattention → school bullying victimization’. Conclusion: These findings of this study provide new insights for developing effective programs and policies aimed at preventing and addressing school bullying among elementary school students, a growing societal concern.
    Keyword:Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Peer Relationship, School Bullying
  • Purpose: The proportion of elderly people in Korea is expected to increase rapidly every year, making it the country with the fastest-aging population in the world. The 'Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism' and the 'Ministry of Health and Welfare' are proposing various policies such as the cultural policy for the elderly and the silver cultural policy. However, they are not meeting rapidly changing social needs. Elderly people prefer outdoor spaces to spend their leisure time more actively rather than indoors, such as existing senior centers or welfare centers. Method: Cities and provinces across the country were divided into megacities, large cities, medium-sized cities, small cities, and rural-centered cities according to population size. For each city, 10 cities and counties were select-ed as target sites, and data on population status by city and year and the area and quantity of living area parks were organized. Using the surveyed data, researchers conducted user demand analysis and supply adequacy analysis by city. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the Spss Statistics 21 statistical program was used. Results: As a result of analyzing the difference between the ratio of children and the elderly by city size, the ratio of children is decreasing in small cities and rural centers due to low birth rates and aging, while the ratio of elderly people continues to increase. The adequacy evaluation index of supply and demand for children's parks according to city size was found to be high in big cities. The evaluation index of park supply adequacy for the elderly was found to be high in rural central cities. Conclusion: In modern society, which has entered an aging society, in order to solve the problem of the elderly, a plan is needed to convert underutilized children's parks in small cities or central rural cities into rest and exercise spaces for the elderly. The existing children's park is located in a residential area where anyone can access it, so it is not only highly accessible for the elderly but can also improve the aesthetics of the city through redevelopment and rebuilding.
    Keyword:Children's Park, Living Area Park, Elderly Population, Aging, Complex Cultural Space
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify trends in middle-aged women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast self-examination and to enable middle-aged women to perform breast self-examination on their own by providing breast self-examination education. Method: The subjects were middle-aged women aged between 35 and 60 who were students receiving training at the J City Korean Traditional Music Center. From March 12, 2022, to May 27, 2022, they underwent education on breast cancer and breast self-examination. This is a quasi-experimental design study with a single-group pre-test and post-test, surveying knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast self-examination before and after the education. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Regarding breast self-examination knowledge, the average pre-education score was 9.62, and the average post-education score was 11.45. When comparing the level of knowledge before and after the education, the average knowledge score increased by 1.83 points. The average pre-education attitude toward breast self-examination was 40.44 points, and the post-education attitude was 49.12 points, showing an average increase of 8.68 points. Initially, 15 participants performed breast self-examination, with an average pre-education practice score of 9.01. After the education, out of 32 participants, 29 performed the breast self-examination, with a post-education practice score averaging 22.83. The results show that the number of participants who practiced breast self-examination more than doubled when comparing before and after the education. Conclusion: Breast self-examination education increases the level of breast self-examination practice, which plays a significant role in the early detection of breast cancer by self-administration. Therefore, continuous educational programs should be provided.
    Keyword:Middle-Aged Women, Breast Self-Examination, Knowledge, Attitude, Degree of Implementation of Breast Self-Examination
  • Purpose: Parkinson's Disease Nurse Specialists(PDNS) play a vital role in delivering personalized care to individuals affected by Parkinson's disease(PD) and their families. This paper explores the multifaceted responsibilities of PDNS in managing and providing comprehensive care for the unique needs of PD patients. Additionally, it delves deeper into the specialized qualifications and training opportunities available for PDNS, with a particular focus on the United Kingdom's National Health Service(NHS). Method: A systematic review of literature and publications from reputable sources, including PubMed, The Lancet, Parkinson's Europe, and Parkinson's UK, has been conducted to gather pertinent information and insights regarding the crucial role of PDNS in enhancing the quality of life for PD patients. It also includes reviewing the latest PDNS learning pathway guidelines and the EU’s PD care manifesto. Results: A growing number of PD patients and families face communication difficulties with healthcare professionals, particularly consultants. There is a lack of awareness about the disease and its symptoms, which results in delayed diagnosis and inconsistent care plans. During consultations, there is a mismatch between the information provided and the information desired. Publications emphasize the critical roles of PDNS in the delivery of personalized care plans, emphasizing the importance of effective patient-provider communication for optimal plans. Conclusion: Effective communication and understanding of PD patients' and their family members' circumstances and emotional well-being contribute to informed care plans. PDNS play diverse roles in providing comprehensive patient and family support. They serve as primary contacts, walking alongside patients in their PD journey. It is vital for PDNS to cultivate a trusted relationship and receive ongoing support to enhance their skills. Government and charities hold critical roles in raising awareness and creating learning opportunities for PDNS and healthcare professionals. Research shows low shared decision-making in European PD care plans, leading to treatment inconsistencies. The European Union recognizes the importance of funding further research, stressing knowledge sharing for well-informed and standardized care plans, benefiting PD patients and families.
    Keyword:Parkinson’s Nurse Specialist, PDNS, Personalized PD Care, Parkinson’s Care Plans, TCM in Parkinson's
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influences of elementary school students' ADHD tendency on their emotional problems such as depression and anxiety, and to verify the mediating effects of social relation-ships, specifically friend support, on these influences. Method: This study involved 456 students from two elementary schools in the capital area. The participants were surveyed regarding their ADHD tendency, friend support, depression, and anxiety levels. The data gathered were subsequently analyzed using a Structural Equation Model. Results: The results of the study are as follows: first, it was discovered that ADHD tendency in elementary school students directly affect friend support negatively. Second, the ADHD tendency was found to increase their levels of depression and anxiety, either directly or indirectly. Third, the ADHD tendency was shown to augment depression and anxiety via the route of friend support. Specifically, it was found that the paths of ‘ADHD tendency → friend support → depression’, ‘ADHD tendency → depression → anxiety’, ‘ADHD tendency → friend support → depression → anxiety’ were statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study can serve as basic data for developing effective emotional intervention programs for students with ADHD tendency, by identifying the specific paths through which these students' ADHD tendency influence their emotional difficulties.
    Keyword:ADHD, ADHD Tendency, Friend Support, Depression, Anxiety
  • Purpose: This study is a descriptive survey to determine the impact of stress experienced by hospital nurses on their work performance. Method: The research method was a survey of 122 nurses working in a more 300 bed hospital in J city in October 2022. As a research tool, the WPBE-TI, a 16-item measure of workplace stress developed by Lee(2014), was used, and the WPBE-CI, a 13-item measure of workplace stress outcomes, was used. Work performance was measured with the WPBE-CI, a 17-item instrument developed by Ko(2007) and others. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS Window 24.0 program. The effect of occupational stress on job performance was analyzed using simple regression analysis. Results: The results of this study showed that occupational stress has a significant effect on work performance, and the more occupational stress, the lower the work performance. Conclusion: It is recommended to develop an awareness program to create an environment that reduces occupational stress.
    Keyword:Nurses, Stress, Occupation, Performance, Work
  • Purpose: In urban society, street trees are closely related to our lives. However, many people do not recognize the existence and necessity of street trees on ordinary days. This study investigated the changes in the growth of street trees exposed to environmental damage and artificial management due to street maintenance. This paper aims to provide necessary data for street tree management by analyzing changes in the growth of street trees according to the road size in terms of temporal change and management of street trees. Method: Field surveys were conducted from June to September 2021 to identify the direction of maintenance for street trees by road size. The researchers collected and analyzed data on street tree roads and basic plan data on street trees in Suseong-gu in 1997. This paper conducted One-way ANOVA by six items(tree height, root-collar diameter, crown width, diameter at breast height, degree of tree health, and degree of environmental damage). Microsoft Office Excel 2007 program and Spss Statistics 21 statistical program were used for statistical analysis. Results: As a result of analyzing the current state of street trees in 2021 and the change amount by road size in 1997 data, on average, the tree height increased by 5.4m, the root-collar diameter increased by 22.3cm, the crown width increased by 2.1m, and the diameter at breast height increased by 12.8cm. The degree of tree health decreased by 0.2 points, and the degree of environmental damage decreased by 1.1 points. Conclusion: The tree form of street trees did not have a natural tree shape due to artificial management, and street trees were damaged due to lack of management and damage from surrounding shops. The analysis results show that the appearance of street trees has grown, but street trees' growth aspects(tree health, environmental damage) have regressed due to incorrect pruning work with tall trees according to laws and ordinances. This pa-per suggests that street trees' species selection and improvement supplement work should be done through continuous research in the future, and systematic and efficient management should be continuously carried out for satisfaction with street trees and pedestrians.
    Keyword:Street Trees, Roads, Tree Form, Degree of Tree Health, Degree of Environmental Damage
  • Purpose: Most processed wild vegetable products are dried, aged, and pickled vegetables. Developing processed wild vegetable foods is necessary to create new high-added value. Therefore, in this study, researchers tried to prepare basic data that can be utilized in various food manufacturing fields in the future through a survey of the awareness and use of edible wild vegetables that require the development of processed wild plants. Method: This paper investigated the awareness and use of wild vegetables, targeting adult men and women aged 20 or older residing in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The survey consisted of questions about the perception, the degree of recognition, and the actual use of wild vegetables. As for the wild vegetable items of the awareness survey, 20 kinds of wild vegetables were selected with high awareness and mainly growing naturally in the Gyeongbuk area. Wild vegetable crops' perception and recognition degree were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 27.0 program. Results: Regarding the degree of recognition of wild vegetables, 'Wild vegetables have a unique scent and taste' was the highest at 4.25. As a result of the knowledge survey for wild vegetable crops, 'Artemisia princeps,' 'Capsella bursa-pastoris,' 'Aralia elata', 'Allium monanthum,' 'Aster scaber', and 'Sedum sarmentosum' showed high awareness in the order. For purchase consideration, the 20s respondents of 61.3% considered 'freshness' the most. For purchase purposes, 'for salads' was the highest at 15.1% in the 30s, and 'for bibimbap' was 42.6% in the 60s and older. Most respondents did not use wild vegetables for 'green juice' and 'decoration.' 'For side dish-es' was 70.4% in their 40s, the highest among all age groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: By investigating consumers' use and awareness of wild vegetables, the survey data can be used for distribution and marketing plans for edible wild vegetables, which are special forest products. In addition, the research results on the purchase purpose of wild vegetables, the actual use of wild vegetable products, and the degree of preference provide basic data for developing high-added-value products by using them in various processed foods and menu development.
    Keyword:Forest Products, Wild Vegetables, Awareness, Processed Wild Vegetable Foods, Use of Wild Vegetables
  • Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study intended to investigate the effect of the nursing students' knowledge and educational experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on their confidence. Method: The subjects of this study were 183 nursing students attending University V located in City J of Province J, and the study period ran from November 18 to November 29, 2019. As for the research tool, the cardio-pulmonary resuscitation related knowledge and confidence were used. As for the data analysis, confidence according to the cardiopulmonary resuscitation related knowledge and educational experience of the nursing students was analyzed using the t-test, and knowledge was analyzed using the chi-square test. The relationship be-tween knowledge and educational experience and confidence of the nursing students was analyzed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The cardiopulmonary resuscitation related knowledge score was 9.6 points for 1st and 2nd years and 13.2 for 3rd and 4th years out of a total of 17 points, where the cardiopulmonary resuscitation related knowledge was measured higher among the 3rd and 4th years. The confidence in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation of 3rd and 4th years with the experience in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice and clinical practice was 6.72 points, which was higher than 3.84 points for the 1st and 2nd years, and there was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). Conclusion: Hence, in order to facilitate the cardiopulmonary resuscitation education, the educational support should be provided to develop an educational program that includes knowledge and build confidence in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
    Keyword:Nursing Student, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Knowledge, Educational Experience, Confidence