All Articles

  • Purpose: In this study, as an opportunity for the active health maintenance, the relationship of perception of participation on the self-directed learning attitude has been analyzed and investigated targeting the women senior citizens who have performed the Health Qigong program. Method: According to the judgement sampling method and the convenience sampling method, the women senior citizens participating in Health Qigong in Seoul, Korea, were selected as the participants, and 183 units of data were used for the analysis. As for the data processing, the multi-way ANOVA was performed to learn about the differences in the program participation according to the educational and athletic background of the women senior citizens, and the multiple regression analysis was performed to validate the influence of the perception and self-directed learning. The statistical level was validated at p<.05. Results: First, the differences between the perception of participation and the self-directed learning according to educational background and athletic experience, which are the background variables, were examined. Physical and social factors demonstrated significant differences for the educational background, and the self-directed learning demonstrated significant differences in the learning initiative, learning attachment, and the problem-solving skill factors. Second, among the results of the multiple regression analysis performed, and among the variables for the women senior citizens' perception of program participation for the self-directed learning, the physical and educational perceptions turned out to be significant, and the psychological and social perception turned out to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Health Qigong should be actively used for health promotion in the old age, and the integrated self-directed learning promotion program ought to be prepared to help increase the exercise participants' perception of participation and adequately demonstrate their inner characteristics.
    Keyword:Health Qigong, Women Senior Citizens, Perception, Self-Directed Learning, Experience
  • Purpose: As for the safety related technologies in the field of construction and site, and in order to implement an optimal communication transmission and reception related environment, an environment which can help prevent a loss of data ought to be structured. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify and remove the noise elements which cause the loss of data via empirical experiments, examine the elements which can help improve communication performance within the range of radio regulations, and develop the communication module appropriate for the relevant environment. Method: The validation methodology of this paper is as follows. A comparison validation test of the customized communication environment compared to the existing communication equipment related application environment, a validation test as to whether a loss of data occurs between the AR devices, a correlation validation test between the occurrence of a loss of data due to a noise increase, a validation and development methodology for identifying the correlation between the transmission distance and the amount of data transmission and reception related variation via the validation test for the impact of data transmission are presented. Results: Since the data transmission and reception volume relatively increases in the customized communication related environment compared to the existing communication equipment related application environment for a certain period of time, it is apparent that the data transmission and reception volume between the AR devices is reduced by causing a network delay due to the overload of network equipment. Hence, it is expected that, in order to address such problems, a communication module appropriate for the environment will be developed, and the noise will be reduced via the validation. Conclusion: As it is necessary to derive the customized values for the communication equipment applicable for the construction site through this study, it is necessary to calculate the quantitative values for the improvement of the data transmission and reception volume during the radio wave amplification, and it has also been derived that it is necessary to derive the quantitative values between a loss of data due to the generation of noise. In the future studies, it is considered that a comparative validation test will be needed in an indoor and outdoor test environment in which an interference from the existing communication environment occurs and an anechoic testing environment in which an interference does not occur whatsoever from the existing communication environment.
    Keyword:Transmission and Reception of Communication, AR Device, Network Equipment, Noise, Loss of Data
  • Purpose: Based on the previous studies, in this study, and in order to confirm the effect of the university's software liberal education in a contactless environment, as for the specific factors influencing the satisfaction of learning and academic achievement, the quality of classroom instruction, motivation for learning, convenience of time, and the immersion for learning were derived as the major factors according to the details of classroom instruction and learning contents. In this study, it is intended to examine the effectiveness of the university's basic software education in a contactless environment via the relationship between such factors and their influence on the satisfaction of learning and academic achievement. Method: In order to validate the effect of the university's basic software education in a contactless environment, this study has analyzed the differences between the subjects' general characteristics, quality of classroom instruction, motivation for learning, convenience of time, immersion for learning, satisfaction of learning, and academic achievement by using the descriptive statistics of error, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The correlation of the quality of classroom instruction, motivation for learning, convenience of time, immersion for learning, satisfaction of learning, and academic achievement was analyzed by the Pearson's correlation, and the effect of each factor on the satisfaction of learning and academic achievement was analyzed by performing the multiple regression. Results: It was evaluated that the satisfaction of learning enhanced as the quality of classroom instruction improved and the immersion for learning worked well. It was also evaluated that, as the high quality details of classroom instruction and learning contents were provided, and the higher the motivation for learning, the higher the academic achievement, and the higher the convenience of time, the lower the academic achievement. Even in a contactless environment, the quality of classroom instruction is very important, and it may be said that it is the variable which has the largest influence on the effectiveness of the classroom instruction. Conclusion: It was confirmed that it has had a positive effect on the students' satisfaction of learning and academic achievement by causing high quality classroom instruction, motivation for learning, and active immersion for learning in a contactless environment. Based on such results of this study, it is expected that assistance may be provided for developing and promoting various online education programs.
    Keyword:Software Liberal Education, Non-Face-To-Face Environment, Learning Efficiency, Programming Education, Learning Achievement
  • Purpose: The framework of online education is evolving from e-learning to XR-learning. As expectations for the educational effect and market growth of reality contents increase, the South Korean government has established related education policies and is making intensive investments. Generation C, Z, and Alpha learners, Digital Natives, are quickly responding and adapting to the concept of Metaverse. Thus, this study suggests the need for the transition of multicultural education in line with the changes in social, educational technology, and intends to present a rough direction of multicultural education. Method: This study used the approach of literature review and document analysis. The results of this study should be supplemented by quantitative and qualitative studies in the future. For a literature-oriented approach, refer to the government agencies' presentation materials and academic studies. Document survey is mainly related to cyber education materials presented on the Internet and various resources. Results: This study presented three ways of multicultural education using VR: First, 'Korean Culture Experience Program' offering experience of traditional Korean culture or historical facts; Second, 'Korean Life Adaptation Program' to settle down in Korean life including markets, banks, or community service centers; Third, 'education program for multicultural understanding and sensitivity' providing virtual cases of language barrier, social exclusion, and discrimination. In reality, there are still problems that require a lot of investment in content formulation, equipment purchase, maintenance, etc., and securing quality of content and finding suitable education methods. Conclusion: This study aims to present the direction of multicultural education in Korea using the virtual reality. Producing feasible contents needs expensive and very complicated procedures. This study proposes a basic concept how multicultural education in Korean society can be made in virtual space. These VR contents have the advantage of being able to be an education suitable for the actual environment because they have the advantage of allowing learners to experience and discuss directly in virtual spaces. To this end, there remain challenges to overcome both ethical issues and budget problems of developing high-level contents.
    Keyword:Online Education, E-Learning, XR-Learning, Metaverse, Multicultural Education
  • Purpose: As a core technology of the 4th industrial revolution, artificial intelligence is rising as a crucial technology for determining the competitiveness of nations and industries at a great pace. However, students who are not majoring in it have the tendency to perceive AI technology to be difficult, and hence, a more efficient AI education is needed. The purpose of this study is to present an educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy appropriate for the learner's level, apply it to the classroom, then explore its impact in terms of the artificial intelligence ethics. Method: In this study, an educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy which may be utilized for the non-majors using the tools of artificial intelligence has been designed. To analyze the impact of the educational program conducted in this study on the learner's perception of the artificial intelligence ethics, the single group pre- and post-test which infers the causal relationship by implementing and analyzing the questionnaires on the changed perception of the artificial intelligence ethics before and after the application of the program was applied for the design method. Results: The impact of the education program for the artificial intelligence literacy on the perception of the artificial intelligence ethics has been analyzed through the single group’s pre- and post-test by operating this program. As a result of the analysis, it has been verified that there was a positive change in the perception of the artificial intelligence ethics via the proposed educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy. Conclusion: In this study the impact of the educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy on the learner's perception of the artificial intelligence ethics has been analyzed by proposing and applying educational program for the artificial intelligence literacy for and in college and university liberal arts classes for the non-majors. The artificial intelligence literacy education has had a positive impact on the learner's perception of the artificial intelligence ethics. For the non-major students to fully comprehend the artificial intelligence, including the artificial intelligence ethics, an education which includes experience in the use of artificial intelligence ought to be offered beyond the classes of theory which merely convey knowledge, and towards this end, it was verified that a well structured artificial intelligence literacy education which can more than adequately offer the experiences of using and utilizing the artificial intelligence is necessary.
    Keyword:Artificial Intelligence, AI Education, Education Model, AI Literacy, Artificial Intelligence Ethics
  • Purpose: This study aims to discover the changes made to the affective domain of the students who participated in “the Online League of Legends(LoL) Game School” program during the COVID-19 education crisis. The program was conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education’s Student Education Institute from August 2020 to July 2021 for elementary school students(fifth grade onward) to juniors in high schools in Seoul. The program consisted of game English, game science, game humanities, game writing, game-related songs, game music composition, game analysis and game strategies about the online game League of Legends, and adventure-based counseling(ABC) activities. Method: Twenty-nine students participated in the survey to determine positive and negative affections, intrinsic motivation, and the most interesting and challenging activities. The PANAS scale was used to find out whether participants had positive or negative affections about the program. This survey was highly reliable, and the questionnaires were scored on a 7-point Likert scale each. To examine the students’ intrinsic motivation, four intrinsic motivation factors were selected: pleasure, flow, challenge, and growth potential. The participants described the most interesting and challenging activities of the Online LoL Game School program with the help of open-ended questions. Results: The participants had strong positive affections for the program(PA: 5.3928) instead of negative affections(NA: 1.9598), and experienced “flow”(5.26) the most among the four factors. Also, the most interesting and challenging activity of the program was game English. Conclusion: These study findings revealed that 1)the students had positive affections about the Online LoL Game School program, 2)among the four intrinsic motivation factors, pleasure, flow, challenge, and growth potential, the students experienced flow the most, 3)the most interesting and challenging activity was game English. This study uncovered that the Online Game School program influenced the students’ positive affections and intrinsic motivation. Online education programs related to games, in which many students showed interest, can be triggers for students to engage in active learning and reconsider their growth and future careers. The study findings and attempts can help create a positive school climate and bring about social change to provide Generation Z students with a pleasurable and meaningful learning experience.
    Keyword:League of Legends(LoL), Online Game School, Online Learning, Affective Domain, Korean Students
  • Purpose: In addition to congenital causes due to heredity, hair loss is caused by acquired causes such as aging, excessive stress, irregular eating habits, and smoking. The population of hair loss continues to increase every year, amounting to 10 million people, and the age at which the hair loss begins is gradually decreasing. As the interest and efforts for the improvement have increased, the market for the hair loss has also incrementally expanded. Method: In this study, the technologies related to the hair loss prevention and improvement are classified into the scalp nutrition supply(field A), scalp stimulation(field B), scalp washing(field C), and oral administration(field D), and by examining the trends in the application of the patents for such fields of technology(including utility model), this study sought to identify the potential for the development of technologies related to the hair loss prevention and improvement and fields which ought to be focused on the hair loss related technologies in the future. Results: Consequently, it was confirmed that active patent activities have continued for the hair loss prevention and improvement related technologies, and in particular, the intensive patent activities are conducted in the field of technologies related to the scalp washing. Conclusion: Accordingly, this study seeks to contribute to the facilitation of the hair loss prevention and improvement related technology market and also expand the market by analyzing and understanding the trends of patents for the hair loss prevention and improvement related technologies and inducing the determination of the desirable directions for the research and development.
    Keyword:Hair Loss, Scalp, Treatment, Care, Improvement
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference of happiness by the experience that adolescents use a smartphone. While many studies that digital media use had some negative effect on happiness have released, some studies have showed that the use of digital media worked positively. Also, contradictory theories such as "displacement” and "stimulation” have been suggested in the ways digital media can affect lives. This study is to analyze the impact smartphone use on adolescents’ subjective happiness in Korea. Method: Data from the 11th Korean Children and Youth Well-Being Index Survey conducted in 2018 were used to analyze the relationship between Korean adolescents' smartphone use experience and their subjective happiness. The dependent variable was subjective happiness, and smartphone using experience was subdivided into daily usage time, degree of problematic use, main usage(social relationship, joy, and study/information). Result: The main purpose and hours of use of a smartphone were related to subjective happiness for male students, but problematic use was related for female students. And the longer male students used the smartphone daily and the worse female students’ problematic use was, the lower their subjective happiness was. However, when main usage is for social relationships for male students, subjective happiness is higher than for the rest of them. Conclusion: The relationship between smartphone use and subjective happiness varied by gender and the ways they used it. These results show that smartphone use may not only work in a particular direction, but also vary depending on the ways people use it. After all, it is important to identify the various factors that make this difference rather than to take the specific view of digital media even if that is positive or negative.
    Keyword:Smartphone, Subjective Happiness, Adolescent, Displacement, Stimulation
  • Purpose: This study developed an education model that satisfies the lifelong learning needs of residents of metropolitan areas in the midst of today’s era of lifelong learning. Method: A literature study, a survey of lifelong education officers, and a survey of residents of metropolitan cities were conducted. The literature study was on human development by life stage, lifelong education programs, and lifelong education models. The preliminary survey was conducted to ask the opinions of lifelong education managers and lifelong education experts on the implementation of lifelong education by life stage. The following questions were asked to them through workshops and interviews. For example, “What do you think should be prioritized when operating lifelong education by life cycle in the region?”, “What kind of lifelong education program do you think is necessary for each stage of life?”, “What do you think are the policies and projects for the development of lifelong education?” Specific needs and preferences were identified by asking about them. Based on the preliminary survey, a survey was conducted on the necessity of lifelong education by life cycle targeting 1,200 residents of metropolitan cities. Results: It was found necessary to establish a lifelong education program that meets the developmental tasks and needs in each of five life stages and considers the characteristics of the learners’ areas. Conclusion: Residents of metropolitan areas should be provided lifelong education programs for each stage of the life cycle that reflect their needs in each stage as well as the characteristics of their area. Such lifelong education programs must be carried out with universal programs that are essential for each life stage.
    Keyword:Lifelong-Education, Lifelong-Learning, Life-Cycle, Lifelong-Education-Model, Public-Lifelong-Education
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct English classes using AI chatbots, which are rapidly emerging as keywords for society as a whole, and to qualitatively analyze learners' learning experiences through learners' responses revealed in the process. Method: For this purpose, an English class using AI chatbot was applied for one semester to 23 first-year students attending A middle school, and 4 of them were selected as research participants. For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with the 4 students who experienced English classes using AI chatbots to closely examine their thoughts and attitudes. Qualitative content analysis, a research method that reveals patterns and topics of content through the coding process, was adopted, and the transcribed data was uploaded to Target(taguette.com), an online free analysis tool, for analysis. Results: As a result of the study, the students experienced increased English proficiency including speaking and listening skills, changed their motivation and attitude toward learning English, increased interest in learning English, decreased anxiety in learning foreign languages, difficulties with chatbot utterance speed and difficulty, and chatbot response limitations. Conclusion: Through the results of this study, it was possible to an in-depth examination of the changed learning experiences of students and the expansion of learning methods suitable for the era of the 4th industrial revolution in the future. Therefore, in the EFL environment such as Korea, AI chatbots are highly likely to be used as an effective tool in terms of English learning and learners' affective domain, which is expected to maximize the effectiveness of English education.
    Keyword:Fourth Industrial Revolution, Artificial Intelligence(AI), AI Chatbot, English Education, Korean EFL Learners